Cover 1
Title Page, Copyright 2
Contributors 10
Preface 14
Foreword 16
Part I: Using Experimental Removals of Species to Reveal the Consequences Of Biodiversity Depletion 20
1. Native Thistles: Expendable or Integral to Ecosystem Resistance to Invasion? 24
2. The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining the Outcome of Species-Deletion Experiments 35
3. Species Importance and Context: Spatial and Temporal Variation in Species Interactions 63
4. Effects of Removing a Vertebrate versus an Invertebrate Predator on a Food Web, and What Is Their Relative Importance? 88
5. Understanding the Effects of Reduced Biodiversity: A Comparison of Two Approaches 104
Part II: The Anthropogenic Perspective 124
6. Models of Ecosystem Reliability and Their Implications for the Question of Expendability 128
7. Predicting the Effects of Species Loss on Community Stability 159
8. One Fish, Two Fish, Old Fish, New Fish: Which Invasions Matter? 180
9. Ecological Gambling: Expendable Extinctions Versus Acceptable Invasions 198
10. Rarity and Functional Importance in a Phytoplankton Community 225
11. Community and Ecosystem Impacts of Single-Species Extinctions 240
Part III: Linkages and Externalities 254
12. Social Conflict, Biological Ignorance, and Trying to Agree Which Species Are Expendable 258
13. Which Mutualists Are Most Essential? Buffering of Plant Reproduction against the Extinction of Pollinators 279
14. The Expendability of Species: A Test Case Based on the Caterpillars on Goldenrods 300
15. An Evolutionary Perspective on the Importance of Species: Why Ecologists Care about Evolution 311
16. Recovering Species of Conservation Concern￢ﾀﾔAre Populations Expendable? 324
17. Virus Specificity in Disease Systems: Are Species Redundant? 349
Publisher:Princeton University Press,Published:2015,ISBN:9781400866779,Related ISBN:9780691090047,Language:English,OCLC:899212162
A great many species are threatened by the expanding human population. Though the public generally favors environmental protection, conservation does not come without sacrifice and cost. Many decision makers wonder if every species is worth the trouble. Of what consequence would the extinction of, say, spotted owls or snail darters be? Are some species expendable? Given the reality of limited money for conservation efforts, there is a compelling need for scientists to help conservation practitioners set priorities and identify species most in need of urgent attention. Ecology should be capable of providing guidance that goes beyond the obvious impulse to protect economically valuable species (salmon) or aesthetically appealing ones (snow leopards). Although some recent books have considered the ecosystem services provided by biodiversity as an aggregate property, this is the first to focus on the value of particular species. It provides the scientific approaches and analyses available for asking what we can expect from losing (or gaining) species. The contributors are outstanding ecologists, theoreticians, and evolutionary biologists who gathered for a symposium honoring Robert T. Paine, the community ecologist who experimentally demonstrated that a single predator species can act as a keystone species whose removal dramatically alters entire ecosystem communities. They build on Paine's work here by exploring whether we can identify species that play key roles in ecosystems before they are lost forever. These are some of our finest ecologists asking some of our hardest questions. They are, in addition to the editors, S.E.B. Abella, G. C. Chang, D. Doak, A. L. Downing, W. T. Edmondson, A. S. Flecker, M. J. Ford, C.D.G. Harley, E. G. Leigh Jr., S. Lubetkin, S. M. Louda, M. Marvier, P. McElhany, B. A. Menge, W. F. Morris, S. Naeem, S. R. Palumbi, A. G. Power, T. A. Rand, R. B. Root, M. Ruckelshaus, J. Ruesink, D. E. Schindler, T. W. Schoener, D. Simberloff, D. A. Spiller, M. J. Wonham, and J. T. Wootton.
更多信息……