Polysaccharides offer unique and valuable functional properties, persisting in technological importance and poised to grow more critical due to sustainability demands and emerging applications in medical and life sciences. This contributed work presents comprehensive information about carbohydrate polymers, providing readers with an enhanced appreciation of carbohydrate structure and function, a new enzyme library, and extraction strategies that will help to advance a number of exciting domains of research, including genomics, proteomics, chemical synthesis, materials science, and engineering.
Key Features:
Details the source, production, structures, properties, and current and potential applications of polysaccharides.
Discusses general strategies of isolation, separation, and characterization of polysaccharides.
Describes botanical, algal, animal, and microbial sources of polysaccharides.
Demonstrates the importance of carbohydrates in new lead generation.
Highlights the range of possibilities for polysaccharides to make real-world impact.

lgrsnf/Sharma B. Polysaccharides. Advanced Polymeric Materials_2024.pdf

Bhasha Sharma; M. Enamul Hoque

Taylor & Francis Ltd

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

CRC Press (Unlimited), [S.l.], 2023

Cover
Half Title
Polysaccharides: Advanced Polymeric Materials
Copyright
Contents
Preface
About the Editors
Contributors
1. Polysaccharide-Based Polymeric Gels: Structure, Properties, and Applications
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Polymeric Gels
1.1.2 Crosslinking Methods
1.2 Polysaccharide-Based Polymeric Gels
1.3 Structural Aspects
1.3.1 Cellulose
1.3.2 Starch
1.3.3 Chitin
1.3.4 Chitosan
1.3.5 Alginates
1.3.6 Carrageenans
1.3.7 Agarose
1.4 Properties
1.4.1 Mechanical Properties
1.4.2 Rheological Properties
1.4.3 Swelling Properties
1.4.4 Miscellaneous Properties
1.5 Applications
1.5.1 Biomedical Applications
1.5.2 Industrial Applications
1.5.3 Agricultural Applications
1.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
2. Environmental Aspects, Recycling, and Sustainability of Polysaccharides
2.1 Preface
2.2 Limitations, Challenges, and Opportunities
2.2.1 The Three Major Phenomena
2.3 Single-Use, Non-Biodegradable Plastics
2.4 Plastics are Not Recycled
2.5 Human Behavior
2.6 Circular Economy for Plastic
2.7 Recycling vs. Upcycling
2.7.1 What Exactly is Recycling?
2.7.2 And Upcycling?
2.8 Recyclability
2.9 From Biowaste Burden to Useful Bio-based Plastic
2.9.1 Bioplastics
2.9.2 Its Applications
2.10 Invest in New Possibilities
2.11 Conclusion and Way Forward
Acknowledgments
Notes/Thanks/Other Declarations
References
3. Synthetic Polysaccharides: Adored, Deplored and Ubiquitous
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Synthesis and Exploration of Polysaccharides
3.2.1 Difficulties in Synthesizing Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.2.2 Automated Glycan Assembly
3.2.3 Enzymatic Synthesis
3.2.4 Chemical Polymerization
3.2.5 Chemical Synthesis
3.3 Chemical Structure and Diversification (Classification) of Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.3.1 Homo Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.3.2 Hetero Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.3.3 According to Molecular Weight
3.3.4 Reactivity Toward Functional Groups
3.3.5 According to Ionic Nature
3.4 Fabrication Techniques of Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.4.1 Solution Casting
3.4.2 Electrospinning
3.4.3 Blending
3.4.4 Layer-by-Layer Assembly
3.4.5 Sol-Gel Processing
3.4.6 Microuflidics
3.4.7 Photolithography
3.4.8 Microencapsulation
3.5 Versatile Application of Synthetic Polysaccharides in Different Fields
3.5.1 Uses in Vaccine
3.5.2 Applications in Biomedical Fields
3.5.3 Drugs, Vaccine Delivery, and Tissues Engineering
3.5.4 Application in Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activities
3.5.5 Antioxidative Applications
3.5.6 Other Applications
3.6 Synthetic Polysaccharides: Future Prospective, Limitation, and Challenges
3.6.1 Adored Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.6.2 Deplored Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.6.3 Ubiquitous Synthetic Polysaccharides
3.7 Conclusions
References
4. Design and Structure of Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles: State of the Art
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanoparticles
4.2.1 Types of Nanoparticles
4.3 Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles
4.4 Design and Functionalization of Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles
4.4.1 Synthesis of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles
4.5 Structure and Design of Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles
4.5.1 Chitosan
4.5.2 Functionalization of Chitosan
4.5.3 Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles
4.5.4 Synthesis of Chitosan-Dicarboxylic Acid NPs
4.5.5 Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles
4.6 Properties of Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles
4.7 Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles
4.8 Advantages and Limitations
4.9 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
5. Polysaccharides as Adhesive: Sweet Solutions to Sticky Situations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of Polysaccharides-Based Adhesive
5.2.1 Chitosan-Based Adhesive
5.2.2 Cellulose Based Adhesive
5.2.3 Starch-Based Adhesive
5.2.4 Pullulan-Based Adhesive
5.2.5 Levan-Based Adhesive
5.2.6 Dextran-Based Adhesive
5.2.7 Xanthan Based Adhesive
5.2.8 Gum Arabic
5.2.9 Gellan Gum
5.3 Mechanism of Adhesion
5.3.1 Mechanical Tests for Adhesion Strength
5.4 Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Adhesive
5.4.1 Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications
5.4.2 Industrial Applications
5.4.3 Food and Packaging Application
5.5 Conclusion
References
6. Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics: Evolution from Wellness Pursuit to Medical Treatment
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Classification of Carbohydrates
6.3 Carbohydrates as Therapeutics
6.3.1 Glycoconjugates as Therapeutic Agents
6.3.2 Carbohydrate-Based Antibiotics
6.3.3 Carbohydrate-Based Vaccine
6.3.4 Carbohydrate-Based Anticancer Therapeutics
6.3.5 Carbohydrate-Based Diagnosis
6.3.6 Carbohydrate-Based Antiviral Drugs
6.3.7 Carbohydrate-Based Antidiabetic Agents
6.3.8 Carbohydrate-Based Central Nervous System Drugs
6.4 Carbohydrates in Cardiovascular Diseases
6.5 Carbohydrates for Biomedical Applications
6.6 Carbohydrates in Gene Therapy
6.7 Other Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics and Adjuvants
6.8 Conclusion
List of Abbreviation
References
7. Starch-Based Advanced Materials and Their Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Why Starch is a Promising Material for Advanced Applications
7.3 Starch-Based Advanced Materials
7.3.1 Modification of Native Starch
7.3.2 Starch-Based Materials with Filler/Reinforcement
7.3.3 Starch Blends with Biodegradable Polymers
7.3.4 TPS Blends with Synthetic Polymers
7.3.5 Starch-Based Composite Materials
7.4 Applications of Starch-Based Advanced Materials
7.4.1 Application in the Food Industry
7.4.2 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Application
7.4.3 Applications of Starch in Water Treatment
7.4.4 Application of Starch in Porous Foam Structures
7.4.5 Application of Starch in Self-Healing Polymeric Materials
7.4.6 Other Advanced Applications of Starch and its Derivative Materials
7.5 Conclusion
References
8. Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives to Proffer New Functional Materials
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Processing of Chitosan
8.3 Chitosan Modifications for New Functional Materials
8.4 Application Field
8.4.1 Chitin and Chitosan Functional Materials in Food Packaging Activities
8.4.2 Chitin and Chitosan Functional Materials in Wound Healing Activities
8.4.3 Chitin and Chitosan Functional Materials in Water Treatment Process
8.5 Conclusion
References
9. Glucans: Safe-by-Design and Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Sources of Active Glucan
9.3 Structural Activity of Glucan
9.4 Effect of Glycosidic Bonding
9.5 Effect of Main Chain Configuration
9.6 Effect of Substitution Degree, Length, and Position of Branch
9.7 Effect of Relative Molecular Weight
9.8 Effect of Viscosity
9.9 Classification of Glucans
9.9.1 α-Glucans
9.9.2 Sources of α-Glucan
9.9.3 Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Glucans
9.9.4 Applications of α-Glucan
9.9.5 ß-Glucan
9.9.6 Sources of ß-Glucan
9.9.7 Stereoselective Solid-Phase Synthesis of ß-Glucans
9.9.8 Applications of ß-Glucan
9.10 Conclusion
References
10. Polysaccharides in Sensors and Actuators
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Polysaccharides in Sensors and Actuators
10.2.1 Cellulose in Sensors and Actuators
10.2.2 Starch in Sensors and Actuators
10.2.3 Chitin and Chitosan in Sensors and Actuators
10.3 Conclusion
References
11. Polysaccharide Applications in Functional Textiles and Textile Wastewater Treatment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Polysaccharides for Textiles Applications
11.2.1 Alginate
11.2.2 Chitin and Chitosan
11.2.3 Starch
11.3 Polysaccharide Composites
11.4 Other Polysaccharides
11.5 Polysaccharide Applications in Multilayers of Textile Activities
11.5.1 Thickener for Textile Printing
11.6 Antimicrobial Finishing
11.7 Surface Modification and Multifunctional Textiles
11.8 Polysaccharide-Based Textiles for Medical Applications
11.8.1 Therapeutic Applications
11.8.2 Wound Dressing
11.9 Polysaccharides for Textile Industrial Wastewater Treatment
11.9.1 Polysaccharide Adsorbents
11.9.2 Modified or Activated Polysaccharides
11.9.3 BioFlocculation or Coagulation
11.10 Conclusion and Outlook
References
12. Alginate-Based Nanocomposites for Smart Technology of Food Packaging
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Alginate: Source, Structure and Cross Linking
12.3 Nanocomposites
12.3.1 Alginate-Based Silver Nanocomposite
12.3.2 Alginate BSilver-Montmorillonite (MMT) Nanocomposite
12.3.3 Alginate-Based Titanium Nanocomposites
12.4 Alginate-Based Nanocomposites Applications in Smart Technology
12.4.1 Intelligent Packaging Technology
12.5 Alginate-Based Nanocoposites Applications in Intelligent Food Packaging Materials
12.5.1 Seafood
12.5.2 Meat
12.5.3 Dairy Products
12.5.4 Fruits, Vegetables, and Other Foods
12.6 Bionanocomposites and Safety
12.7 Impact of Using Bionanocomposites on Human Health
12.8 Future Trends and Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
13. Polysaccharide-Based Adsorbents for Water Treatment
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Characteristics of Wastewater
13.3 Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment
13.4 Various Polysaccharide-Based Adsorbents
13.4.1 Chitin as Adsorbents
13.4.2 Chitosan as Adsorbents
13.4.3 Starch as Adsorbents
13.4.4 Cyclodextrin as Adsorbents
13.5 Summary
References
14. Polysaccharides in Energy Storage
14.1 Introduction
14.2 History and Evolution of Energy Storage
14.3 An Overview of Energy Storages
14.4 Polysaccharides in Supercapacitors
14.4.1 Cellulose
14.4.2 Chitosan
14.4.3 Starch
14.4.4 Alginates
14.5 Polysaccharides in Battery
14.6 Polysaccharides in Fuel Cells
14.7 Polysaccharides in Nanogenerators
14.8 Conclusion
References
15. Polysaccharides for Agricultural Applications: A Growing Presence on the Farms
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Polysaccharides from Industrial Biomass in a Wasted World
15.1.2 Polysaccharides from Cassava Production and Marketing in Zambia
15.1.3 Processing of Cassava Ethanol to Create Ethanol-Based Products
15.1.4 Carbohydrates and Fiber are Two Macronutrients
15.1.5 The Fundamentals of Superabsorbent Hydrogels (SH)
15.1.6 Cellulose a Form of Polysaccharide
15.1.7 Chitosan/Chitin Use in Agriculture
15.1.8 Development of Agriculture Using Inulin
15.1.9 Algae and the Enrichment of Carbohydrates
15.1.10 Opportunity for Circular Economy
15.2 Conclusion
References
16. Polysaccharide-Based Fluorescent Materials for Sensing and Security Applications
16.1 Introduction: Polysaccharides
16.2 Polysaccharide-Based Fluorescent Materials for Sensing
16.2.1 Nitroaromatic Sensing
16.2.2 Gas Sensing
16.2.3 Metal Ion Sensing
16.2.4 Biosensing
16.2.5 pH Sensing and Food Freshness Monitoring
16.3 Polysaccharide-Based Fluorescent Materials for Anti-Counterfeiting
16.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Polysaccharides offer unique and valuable functional properties, persisting in technological importance and poised to grow more critical due to sustainability demands and emerging applications in medical and life sciences. This book presents comprehensive information about carbohydrate polymers, providing readers with an enhanced appreciation of carbohydrate structure and function, a new enzyme library, and extraction strategies that will help to advance a number of exciting domains of research, including genomics, proteomics, chemical synthesis, materials science, and engineering.Key Features Details the source, production, structures, properties, and current and potential applications of polysaccharides Discusses general strategies of isolation, separation, and characterization of polysaccharides Describes botanical, algal, animal, and microbial sources of polysaccharides Demonstrates the importance of carbohydrates in new lead generation Highlights the range of possibilities for polysaccharides to make real-world impact

2023-11-21