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Dawson, Linda

Springer ; Published in association with Praxis Publishing

Springer International Publishing AG

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Space exploration, Second edition, Cham, Switzerland, 2021

Second edition, Cham, Switzerland, Chichester, UK, 2021

Space Exploration, 2nd ed. 2021, Cham, 2021

Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, 2021

Switzerland, Switzerland

sm84944518

producers:
Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1

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Preface 7
Acknowledgements 12
Contents 13
About the Author 17
1: The Excitement of Current & Future Space Exploration 19
The U.S. Focus in Outer Space Today 21
International Space Programs and Partnerships 25
The European Space Agency 28
China 30
Russia 32
Japan 33
India 35
Other Asian Space Activities 37
Other Space Agencies 37
The Israel Space Agency 37
Iran 37
The United Kingdom 37
United Arab Emirates 38
The Politics of the New Space Age 38
2: The New Space Race 43
The New International Space Race 44
The Asian Space Race 46
The New Commercial Space Race 51
Reflections on the New Space Race 54
3: Commercial Interests in Outer Space 57
The Commercial Development of Outer Space 58
Space Contests and Prizes 58
Commercial Crew Program (CCP) Development 59
Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP) Projects 65
The Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) 68
Sierra Nevada Corporation Development of Dream Chaser 72
Blue Origin 75
Bigelow Aerospace Inflatable Habitats 77
Reflections on Commercial Interests in Outer Space 79
4: Why Not Go Back to the Moon? 85
Going Back to the Moon 86
The Politics of Returning to the Moon 89
Commercial Interests in Returning to the Moon 96
Reflections on Returning to the Moon 98
5: Going to Mars 101
A Dangerous High Tech Landing on Mars (August 6, 2012) 102
The Case for Mars 104
The Supporters of Mars Colonization 107
Robert Zubrin 107
Elon Musk 108
Unmanned Mars Exploration 109
Life From and on Mars 110
The Cost of Going to Mars 111
The Mars 2020 Mission 113
NASA’s Manned Mission to Mars 114
Comparison of the SLS and the Falcon Heavy Rocket 120
The Mars One Mission 123
China’s Plans for Mars 123
Russia’s Plans for Mars 124
Commercial Efforts for Red Planet Manned Missions 125
Final Thoughts on Humans Going to Mars 126
6: Politics, the Military, and the Space Force 130
Politics and the Military in Outer Space 130
The History of NACA and NASA 131
The U.S. Air Force 133
Threats to Outer Space Military Resources 135
The U.S. Space Force: The Debate 135
X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV-6) 138
Reflections 140
7: The Science and Dangers of Outer Space 143
Lost in Space 143
The Space Environment 144
The Dangers of Spaceflight 145
Microgravity Issues 146
Protein Concentrations 147
Muscle Atrophy 148
Bone Loss 149
Radiation 150
Professor James Van Allen and Space Travel 153
Radiation and Space Missions 153
Cardiovascular Effects 155
Aging 156
Changes to the Human Mind in Space 156
Space Debris 157
Final Thoughts on the Dangers of Outer Space 164
8: Politics and the Space Race 169
An Introduction to Modern Rocketry 170
Robert Goddard, the Father of American Rocketry 171
Rocket Development During World War II 173
Wernher Von Braun, the Father of Space Travel 173
The Early History of Space Politics 175
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, the Founder of the Soviet Space Program 178
The Space Race Heats Up 180
Yuri Gagarin, the First Man in Space 183
Alan Shepard, the First American in Space 185
Next Steps in Space 186
Final Thoughts on the Politics of the Space Race 188
9: The Post-Apollo and Space Shuttle Era 193
Post-Apollo Space Exploration Politics 194
Space Stations 198
The U.S. Air Force vs. NASA 199
Skylab 200
The Space Shuttle 202
The Visions of Max Faget 203
The Accomplishments of the Space Shuttle System and the Future in Space Transportation 205
The Spacelab Module 208
Legacy of the Space Shuttle 211
The Military Influence on Space Shuttle Operations 213
10: Politics, the ISS, and Private Enterprise 219
International Space Station Politics 220
The Legacy of the International Space Station 224
Post-International Space Station Politics 226
11: Politics and Commercial Space Activities 231
Government Policy of Commercial Space Activities 231
Successful NASA Partnerships 236
Additional NASA Partnerships with Private Enterprise 239
The Politics of Future Commercial Exploits 240
12: Technological Risks of Space Flights and Human Casualties 243
Technological Risks of Spaceflight 244
Apollo 1 (January 27, 1967) 245
Historical Context 245
Accident Analysis 246
The Space Shuttle Challenger (January 28, 1986) 248
Historical Context 248
Accident Analysis 248
The Space Shuttle Columbia (February 1, 2003) 251
Historical Context 251
Accident Analysis 252
Lessons Learned from NASA Space Disasters 253
SpaceShipTwo Crash (October 31, 2014) 254
Historical Context 254
Accident Analysis 255
SpaceX Explosion (June 28, 2015) 256
Historical Context 256
Accident Analysis 257
Risks in the Commercial Launch Vehicle Industry 257
Lessons Learned from Commercial Space Disasters 258
13: New Technology and Deep Space 260
Deep Space Exploration Technological Challenges 261
Methods of Propulsion 263
Ion Propulsion 263
Solar Sails 266
Thermal Fission 266
Habitat Technology 267
Radiation Protection Technology 268
Communication Technology 268
Enhanced Power Technology 269
Food Crops for Deep Space Applications 269
Water: A Precious Resource 272
New Technology and the Road to Deep Space 273
14: Future Topics in Space 277
Future Human Space Exploration 277
Space Tourism 278
Interplanetary Contamination 280
The Reality of Deep Space 280
The Search for Alien Life 281
Reflections on the Future of Space Exploration and Colonization 282
Index 287

"This book examines the U.S. space program's triumphs and failures in order to assess what constitutes a successful space policy. Using NASA and the space industry's complex history as a guide, it draws global lessons about space missions and the trends we can expect from different nations in the next decade and beyond. Space exploration has become increasingly dependent on cooperation between countries as well as the involvement of private enterprise. This book thus addresses issues such as: Given their tenuous history, can rival countries work together? Can private enterprise fill NASA's shoes and provide the same expertise and safety standards? Written by a former NASA Aerodynamics Officer at Houston Mission Control working on the Space Shuttle program, the second edition of this book provides updated information on U.S. space policy, including the new strategy to return to the Moon prior to traveling to Mars. Additionally, it takes a look at the formation of the Space Force as a military unit, as well as the latest developments in private industry. Overall, it is a thought-provoking resource for both space industry professionals and space enthusiasts."--Back cover

2020-12-02