It is a great honor for us to introduce the book Advancement of Science and Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing and Process Engineering, which includes chapters based on selected papers from the 10th edition of the EAI – International Conference on Advancements of Science and Technology (EAI ICAST 2022). EAI ICAST 2022 is an annual conference that takes place at Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. The conference covers topical science and technology issues and has brought together researchers, engineers, developers, practitioners, scholars, scientists, and academicians from around the world.The technical program of EAI ICAST 2022 was organized from seven main tracks: Track 1, Sustainable Processes for Green Technologies; Track 2, Artificial Intelligence and Digitalization for Sustainable Development; Track 3, River Basin Management and Trans-boundary Cooperation; Track 4, Agro-Mechanization and Manufacturing Systems; Track 5, Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering; Track 6, Advances in Green Energy Technologies; and Track 7, Materials for Emerging Technologies. In this book, the Manufacturing and Process Engineering volume, 19 papers related to Agro-Mechanization and Manufacturing Systems and Sustainable Processes for Green Technologies, were accepted for publication.

lgrsnf/336.pdf

zlib/Engineering/Environmental/Kibret Mequanint, Assefa Asmare Tsegaw, Zenamarkos Bantie Sendekie, Birhanu Kebede, Ephrem Yetbarek Gedilu, (eds.)/Advancement of Science and Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing and Process Engineering_27283445.pdf

Kibret Mequanint, Assefa Asmare Tsegaw, Zenamarkos Bantie Sendekie, Birhanu Kebede, Ephrem Yetbarek Gedilu, (eds.)

Kibret Mekuanint, Assefa Asmare Tsegaw, Zenamarkos Bantie Sendekie, Birhanu Kebede, Ephrem Yetbarek Gedilu

Springer Nature, Cham, 2023

Switzerland, Switzerland

1st ed. 2024, 2023

Preface
Contents
Application of FACTS Devices for Transient Stability Enhancement in the Adama II Grid-Connected Wind Farm
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review and Basic Theories
2.1 Wind Turbines
2.2 Wind Farm Aggregation
2.3 General Assumptions for Modeling Wind Farms
3 Methodology
3.1 Minimization of Voltage Deviation
3.2 System Loss Reduction
3.3 Constraints of the Problem
3.4 Transformer Tap Setting Constraints
3.5 Case Study Test System Architecture
3.6 Data Collection
3.7 Data Analysis
3.8 Model of Adama II Wind Farm
3.9 Model of Adama II Wind Farm Integrated to Modified IEEE 14 Bus Test Systems
3.10 Optimal Placement of FACTS
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Test System Analysis
4.2 Test System Analysis with UPFC Placement
4.3 Test System Analysis with IPFC Placement
4.4 Voltage Stability, Transient Stability, and Loss Reduction with FACTS Devices
5 Conclusion
References
Development of an Interpretable Deep Learning System for the Identification of Patients with Alzheimer ́s Disease
1 Introduction
2 Materials
2.1 Subjects
2.2 Data Pre-processing
2.3 CNN Model
2.4 CNN Visualization
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Digital Clinical Decision Support System for Screening of Eye Diseases
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Image Acquisition and Enhancement
2.2 Retinal Vessel Extraction
2.3 K-Means Clustering-Based Image Segmentation
2.4 Cup-to-Disk (CDR) Calculation
2.5 Intraocular Pressure Measurement
3 Results
3.1 Simulation
3.2 User Interface and Prototype
3.3 System Testing
4 Conclusion
References
Evaluation of Three Irrigation Management Tools for Improving Crop and Water Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Koga...
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Description of the Study Area
2.2 Cropping Practices and Crop Production
2.3 Experimental Design and Treatment Setup
2.4 Land and Seedbed Preparation
2.5 Materials Used
2.6 Irrigation Water Productivity
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Irrigation Water Used for Wheat Yield
3.1.1 Irrigation Water Applied at the Farm Level
3.1.2 Irrigation Water Used at Scheme Level
3.2 Wheat Yield
3.2.1 Wheat Yield at Farm Level
3.3 Irrigation Water Productivity
3.3.1 Irrigation Productivity at the Farm Level
3.3.2 Irrigation Water Productivity at Scheme Level
3.4 Effect of WFD and Chameleon Sensor at Block and Scheme Level
3.4.1 At the Block Level
3.4.2 At the Scheme Level
4 Conclusion
References
Design and Numerical Analysis of a Sorghum Reaper Machine
1 Introduction
2 Present Status of Sorghum Harvesting Methods in Ethiopia
2.1 Primary Data Collection
2.2 Manual Harvesting States in Raya Kobo and Azebo
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Materials
3.2 Methods
3.3 Analytical Analysis of the Key Part for the Reaper of Sorghum Stalks
Design and Selection of Power Transmission System of a Machine
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Analytical Analysis and Numerical Simulation
4.2 Design Specification of Root-Stalk Sorghum Reaper Machine
4.3 Comparison of Manual and Root-Stalk Sorghum Harvesting Results
5 Conclusion
6 Recommendation
References
Effects of Initial Moisture Content and Storage Duration on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Stored Maize (Zea mays L....
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Experimental Design and Treatments
2.2 Chemical Composition
2.3 pH Value
2.4 Germination Test
2.5 Grain Damage Percent
2.6 Statistical Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Stored Maize Grain Temperature
3.2 Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity
3.3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Stored Maize
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Exposure of an Electro-optic System to External Magnetic Field (Case Study: The Input L...
1 Introduction
2 Magnetic Field Effect on Electro-optical Devices
3 Experimental Setup and Method
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Output Voltage Measurement
4.2 Comparison of Magnetic Field Effect on Output Signal
5 Conclusion
References
Identification of Dominant Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast Species from Teff Injera Dough Fermentation
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Raw Material Collection and Sample Preparation
2.2 Physicochemical Analysis of Teff Dough
2.3 Kinetics Growth and Enumeration of LAB and Yeast in Fermented Teff Dough
2.4 Identification of LAB
2.5 Identification of Yeast
2.5.1 Morphological Characterization of Yeast
2.5.2 Physiological Characterization of Yeast
2.6 Experimental Design and Data Analysis
2.7 Data Analysis
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Physicochemical Analysis of Fermented Teff Dough Prepared Under Laboratory Conditions
3.2 Kinetics Growth of LAB and Yeast in Fermented Teff Dough
3.3 Morphological Characterization of LAB
3.4 Physiological Characterization of the Identified LAB Species
3.5 Biochemical Characterization Test for LAB
3.6 Identification of LAB
3.7 Morphological Characterization of Yeast
3.8 Physiological Characterization of Identified Yeast
3.9 Biochemical Characterization Test for Yeast
3.10 Identification of Yeast
4 Conclusion
References
Performance Evaluation of Grain Pro Collapsible Natural Convection Solar Dryer for Maize Grain Drying in Ethiopia
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Experimental Setup and Description
2.2 Experimental Procedures
2.3 Data Collection
2.3.1 Moisture Ratio
2.3.2 Drying Rate
2.3.3 Water Removal from Maize Grain
2.3.4 Total Energy Consumption
2.3.5 Drying Efficiency
2.4 Data Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Solar Radiation of the Experimental Site
3.2 Temperature and Relative Humidity Variation of Air During Loading and Unloading of the Collapsible Dryer
3.3 Performance Evaluation of Collapsible Dryer
3.3.1 Moisture Ratio of Maize Grain
3.3.2 Drying Rate of Open Sun and Collapsible Dryer for Maize Grain Drying
3.3.3 Water Removal from Maize Grain
4 Conclusion
References
Quality Assurance Management Practices in Public Building Construction Projects: The Case of Bahir Dar City
1 Introduction
1.1 Definition of Quality
1.2 Quality Assurance
1.3 Benefits of Quality Assurance
1.4 Factors Affecting Project Quality Assurance
1.5 Mechanisms to Improve Project Quality Assurance
2 Research Methodology
2.1 Research Design
2.2 Sampling Technique
2.3 Data Collection Tools/Instruments
2.4 Data Measurement
2.5 Data Analysis
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Current QA Management Practices in Public Construction Projects
3.2 Techniques Used for QA Management Practice
3.3 Major Factors That Affect QA Management Practices
3.4 Mechanisms to Improve QA Management Practices
3.5 Summary of Interview
3.6 Results of the Selected Case Studies
3.7 Discussion on the Findings
3.8 Construction QA and Management Framework
4 Conclusion
References
Review on Water Automatic Teller Machine (Water ATM) Technologies
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Coin- and Note-Operated Water ATM Technologies
2.2 Smart Card Water ATM Technologies
2.3 Smart Card IoT-Based Water ATM Systems
2.4 Water ATMs ́ Global Status
3 Conclusion
References
Yeast Bioremediation of Cr (VI) from Tannery Wastewater
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
2 Methodology
2.1 Chemicals
2.2 Sample Preparation
2.3 Characterization of Tannery Wastewater
2.4 Bio-removal of Cr (VI) in Liquid Media
2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis of Bioaccumulation of Cr (VI)
2.6 Experimental Design for Bio-removal of Cr (VI)
2.7 Colony-Forming Unit Assay for Cell Viability Assessment
2.8 Numerical Optimization
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Characteristics of Collected Tannery Wastewater
3.2 Statistical Analysis of Cr (VI) Removal Efficiency
3.3 Effect of Variables on the Removal of Cr (VI)
3.4 FTIR Analysis of Cr (VI) Removal
4 Conclusion
References
Production and Characterization of Ink from the Milky Fluid of Ficus vasta and Euphorbia abyssinica
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Equipment and Instrument
2.2 Chemicals and Reagents
2.3 Experimental Design
2.3.1 Experimental Setup and Description
2.4 Methods
2.4.1 Raw Material Collection
2.4.2 Raw Material Preparation
2.4.3 Phenolic Compound Test
2.4.4 Ink Formulation Procedure
2.5 Product Characterization
2.5.1 Determination of Viscosity
2.5.2 Determination of Drying Time
2.5.3 Measuring pH Value
2.6 Statistical Data Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Characterization of Raw Materials
3.2 Phenolic Test
3.3 Effect of Solvent Concentration on Drying Time
3.4 pH Value of the Ink
3.5 Effect of Solvent on Viscosity
4 Conclusion
References
Assessment of the Causes of Non-revenue Water in Urban Water Distribution Systems: The Case of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Description of the Study Area
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Data Collection and Preparation
2.2.1.1 Primary Data Collection
2.2.1.2 Secondary Data Collection
2.2.2 Sampling Method and Sample Size
2.2.3 Techniques of Data Analysis
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
3.2 Production of Water
3.3 Trends of Water Supplied, Billed Water, and NRW for Bahir Dar City from 2015/16 to 2019/20
3.4 Possible Causes of Non-revenue Water and Possible Solutions
3.4.1 Causes and Solutions of Real Losses
3.4.1.1 Cause of Real Losses
3.4.1.2 Solutions of Real Losses
3.4.2 Causes and Solutions of Apparent Losses
3.4.2.1 Causes of Apparent Losses
3.4.2.2 Solutions of Apparent Losses
4 Conclusion
References
Characteristics of Supply Chain Integration of Manufacturing Firms in Ethiopia
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Research Method
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Effect of Threshing and Storage Conditions on Mold Contamination of Stored Maize Grain (Zea mays L.)
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Experimental Procedure
2.2.1 Drying and Threshing of Maize Cob
2.2.2 Maize Storage
2.3 Sampling Procedure
2.4 Experimental Design
2.5 Preparation of Culture Media
2.6 Data Collection
2.6.1 Temperature and Relative Humidity of the Storage Room
2.6.2 Moisture Content
2.6.3 Mold Detection of Maize Grain
2.7 Data Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Temperature and Relative Humidity of the Storage Room
3.2 Moisture Content of the Stored Maize Grain
3.3 Morphological Features of Fungi Identified in Maize Grain
3.4 Incidence and Frequency of Mold Fungi in Stored Maize Grain
4 Conclusion
Appendix 1
References
Formulation and Evaluation of Firefly and Artificial Bee Colony Algorithms for Maximum Power Extraction of Photovoltaic System...
1 Introduction
2 Review of Related Researches in Maximum Power Extraction of PV Systems
3 PV Characteristics
4 Partial Shagging Maximum Power Point Tracking
4.1 FFA Algorithm-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking
4.2 MPPT Using ABC Algorithm
5 Performance Evaluation
5.1 Specifications
5.2 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Impact of Parametric Uncertainties on the Steady-State Performances of DFIG-Based WECS
1 Introduction
2 Parametric Uncertainty in DFIG Model Formulation
2.1 Model of DFIG-Based WECS in d-q Axes
2.2 Steady-State Model of DFIG-Based WECS and Its Performances
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Handheld Maize Sheller
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Suggestion from the Operators (Farmers)
5 The Economic Data and Cost Benefit Analysis
6 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Index

This book presents current research on sustainable development issues and recent manufacturing and process engineering advances. Topics covered range from postharvest technologies to sustainable utilization of natural resources and supply chain integration to the design of renewable energy systems. The book provides researchers, engineers, industry professionals, graduate students, and practitioners with state-of-the-art research on the efforts being made toward sustainability in developing countries.

2023-12-26