This book deals with two areas: Global Commons and Security: inextricably melted together and more relevant than ever in a world which is ever globalized and... with an incognita looming on the horizon: the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic upon the International Relations and globalization.
Global Commons have always been relevant. It was Mahan who argued that the first and most obvious light in which the sea presents itself from the political and social point of view, is that of a great highway; or better, perhaps, of a wide common... Nowadays, this view has been further developed and, in addition to the unique legal implications that the Global Commons introduce, they are viewed, more and more intently, as a common pool of resources. Or perhaps, not that common... Resources, the key word! Which has to be always supplemented by two key words: access and security. And still, another one: data, the cyberspace contribution to the equation.

nexusstc/Security in the Global Commons and Beyond (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)/29286bb258ff3fcb86160281860355c4.pdf

lgrsnf/1292.pdf

scihub/10.1007/978-3-030-67973-6.pdf

J. Martín Ramírez; Bartolomé Bauzá-Abril; Josep Piqué

J. Martín Ramírez,Bartolomé Bauzá-Abril (eds.)

Ramírez, J. Martín; Bauzá-Abril, Bartolomé

J. Martin Ramírez; Bartolomé Bauzá Abril

Author

Springer International Publishing AG

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications (Springer), Cham, Switzerland, 2021

Springer Nature, Cham, 2021

Switzerland, Switzerland

2, 20210410

{"isbns":["3030679721","9783030679729"],"last_page":246,"publisher":"Springer","source":"libgen_rs"}

Introduction
Prologue
Global Commons: A Concept at Risk
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
The Global Commons
The Declaration of the South China Sea as a Global Common: Conflict Management and Environmental Protection
1 Introduction: The South China Sea as a Global Common
2 The South China Sea Conflict
2.1 The Nature of the Conflict
2.2 The Strategies of the Actors and Their Impact
3 Attempts at Conflict Resolution
3.1 International Law
3.2 Negotiated Solutions
3.3 Jurisdictional Solutions
4 The Return of the Area to the Situation of Global Common: A Proposal for an Alternative Solution
References
The Exploitation of the Sea for Trade and Communication: The New Arctic Routes, Challenges, Conflicts and Prospects
1 Introduction
2 The Arctic Melting
3 Arctic Traffic
3.1 Destinational Traffic
3.2 Intra-Arctic
3.3 Trans-Arctic
4 Legal Disputes
5 Navigation
5.1 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
5.2 Non-satellite Electronic Navigation Systems
5.3 Navigation Support
5.4 Communications
6 The Shipowner’s Decision
6.1 Strengths
6.2 Weaknesses
6.3 Opportunities
6.4 Threats
7 A Forecast
7.1 Destinational and Intra-Arctic Traffic
7.2 Trans-Arctic Traffic
7.3 Aids to Navigation
7.4 Search and Rescue
8 In Summary
References
Climate Change and Great Power Competition in the Arctic
1 Global Warming: The Case of the Artic
2 The Northeast Passage: The Russian Stance
3 China, the Polar Silk Road and the NSR
4 The Northwest Passage. Canada and the US
5 US Stance. 10 Years Behind Russia?
6 Conclusions
References
The Future of Mining: The Exploitation of Marine Geological Resources as Global Commons
1 Introduction
2 Physiography of the Ocean Floor and Its Relationship with Mineral Resources
3 Management of Seabed Mineral Resources in the Area
4 Mineral Resources of the Area
4.1 Polymetallic Nodules
4.2 Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts
4.3 Polymetallic Sulphides
5 Exploration of the Mineral Resources of the Area
6 Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area and the Most Important Challenges
7 Final Remarks
References
Outer Space and the Future of Humanity
1 Foreword
2 Background
3 Return to the Moon
4 Outer Space and NATO
5 NATO Space Policy
6 The EU and Space
7 Nations and Space
7.1 France
7.2 Japan
7.3 Spain
7.4 United States of America
8 Final Remarks
References
Arms Control in Outer Space: A Diplomatic Alternative to Star Wars
1 Introduction
2 The Outer Space Treaty Regime
3 External Events and the Evolution of Policy
4 The Deteriorating Strategic Outlook
5 Diplomatic Efforts to Date
6 Possible Diplomatic Options for the Future
7 Conclusions
References
The Outer Space as a New Theater of Operations; Some Ethical-Legal Considerations
1 Introduction
2 Development
2.1 Some Conceptual Precisions
2.2 Global Commons and Security
2.3 Outer Space and Its Regulation
2.4 The Timelines of Outer Space as a Theater of Operations
2.5 Some Ethical Considerations
3 Conclusions
References
Cyberspace: An Advantageous Terrain for War?
1 Foreword
2 Cyberspace Challenges
2.1 The Last Shot of the Internet
3 Cyberspace Implications
3.1 Estonia
3.2 Iran
3.3 Ukraine
3.4 Russia
3.5 China
4 NATO’s Role in Cyberspace
4.1 Cyber Defence Cooperation Between NATO and the EU
5 World Order in the Cyber Age
6 Strategy in the Cyber Age
6.1 Cyber Versus Nuclear Weapons
7 Responsibilities
8 Cyber Security
9 How to React
10 Further Considerations
11 Conclusion
References
Cyberspace as a Global Common: Framing the Libyan War in RT, RTVE and La Sexta Television Videos
1 Introduction
2 New Media, International Relations and Conflicts
3 Methodology
4 Findings
5 Conclusion
References
Does Foreign Cyber Intervention in Electoral Processes Violate International Law?
1 Introduction
2 The Principle of Sovereignty
3 The Principle of Non-Intervention
4 Right to Self-Determination
5 Conclusions
References
The Old City of Jerusalem: From the Tragedy of the Common to Ostrom’s Solution
1 Introduction
2 What is a Common?
3 Different Types of (Global) Commons
4 The Old City of Jerusalem as a Common-Pool Resource
5 Common Property Regime System as the Solution to the Old City Problem
6 Conclusion
References
Beyond the Global Commons
Personal Data: The New Black Gold
1 Overview
2 Commercial Aviation in the Context of International Security
3 The General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679
3.1 A Quick Snapshot of the New EU Legal Framework on the Protection of Personal Data
3.2 What We Talk About When We Talk About Personal Data? Data Protection Key Basic Concepts
4 Personal Data as Contributors to Aviation Safety: A Practical Approach
5 Conclusions
References
The Financial Perspective in the Fight Against the Crime of Human Trafficking: The Case of Spain
1 Introduction
2 The Economic Dimension of the Crime of Human Trafficking
3 THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM: A Special Global Common?
4 The Fight Against Human Trafficking: The Case of Spain
4.1 On the Criminal Liability of Legal Entities
4.2 The Role of the Public Sector
4.3 Non-financial Information Statements
4.4 Money Laundering
4.5 The Lack of a Clear Legal Definition of Some of the Most Serious Forms of Exploitation
4.6 Seizures and Confiscations
5 Conclusions
References
Food Security: The Sea and the Sustainable Fight Against Global Hunger
1 Introduction
2 Food Security and Global Hunger
3 Aquaculture as a Possible Ally Against Global Hunger
4 Future Challenges in Aquaculture
5 Conclusions
References
Coexistence in School: A Proposal for Preventing Violence
1 Introduction
2 Causes of School Violence
3 Types of School Violence
4 School Safety and Preventive Guidance
5 Conclusions
References
Epilogue

2021-10-10