Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems: Design and Application is written for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in renewable energy and heat transfer. This classroom-tested text covers ground heat exchanger modeling, secondary loop ground-source system design, pumping energy, thermal response testing, commercial building applications, and horizontal and groundwater ground heat exchangers.
The book is oriented to practical applications, including the economic analysis of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, but more theoretical sections are provided covering research-related geothermal applications. Chapters on heat transfer fundamentals and heat pump concepts are included for readers less familiar with thermal engineering concepts. A chapter covering the economic analysis of GSHP systems is also included. All of the examples and problems in the book are solved using the open-source Python programming language.
Thebook will provide students in geothermal energy courses with a solid understanding of the subject. It will also be a valuable reference for professionals working in the field of renewable energy.

lgrsnf/2335.pdf

zlib/Engineering/Energy & Power Resources/Louis Lamarche/Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Design and Application_26396179.pdf

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Switzerland, Switzerland

S.l, 2023

Preface
Downloads
Contents
1 Geothermal Energy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Earth Structure
1.3 Geothermal Electricity Production
1.3.1 Dry-Steam Power Plants
1.3.2 Flash Power Plants
1.3.3 Binary Plants
1.3.4 Kalina Cycle
1.3.5 Enhanced Geothermal Systems
1.3.6 Geopressure Reservoirs
1.3.7 Geothermal Electricity Production Statistics
1.4 Geothermal Direct Applications
1.4.1 Direct Applications Statistics
1.5 Direct Applications Using Heat Pumps
References
2 Heat Transfer Fundamentals and Building Loads
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Heat Transfer Basics
2.2.1 Heat Transfer by Conduction
2.2.1.1 Wall Conduction Resistance
2.2.1.2 Radial Conduction Resistance
2.2.1.3 Spherical Conduction Resistance
2.2.2 Heat Transfer by Radiation
2.2.2.1 Large Enclosure
2.2.2.2 Parallel Planes
2.2.2.3 Concentric Cylinders
2.2.2.4 Concentric Spheres
2.2.3 Heat Transfer by Convection
2.2.3.1 Forced Convection-External Flows
2.2.3.2 Forced Convection-Internal Flows
2.2.3.3 Free Convection
2.3 Heat Exchangers
2.4 Building Loads
2.4.1 Solar Gains
2.4.1.1 Opaque Walls
2.4.1.2 Glazing Surfaces
2.4.2 Infiltration Loads
2.4.3 Latent Loads
2.4.4 Dynamic Analysis
2.4.5 Capacity Sizing
2.5 Annual Energy Estimation
2.5.1 Degree-Day Method
2.5.2 BIN Method
2.6 Hourly Loads
2.7 Multizone Buildings
2.8 Chapter Summary
Problems
References
3 Introduction to Heat Pumps
3.1 Thermodynamic Cycles of Heat Pumps
3.1.1 Carnot Cycle
3.1.2 Real Cycle
3.2 Practical Aspects of Heat Pumps
3.2.1 ISO 13256
3.3 Refrigerants
3.3.1 Total Equivalent Warming Potential
Problems
References
4 Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling, Outside the Borehole
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Classical Models to Calculate the Mean Borehole Temperature
4.2.1 Infinite Cylindrical Source (ICS)
4.2.2 Infinite Line Source (ILS)
4.2.3 *Source Solutions
4.2.4 Finite Line Source (FLS)
4.2.4.1 Eskilson's Formalism
4.2.5 FLS Based on the Mean Temperature
4.2.6 *Finite Line Source, Revisited
4.2.7 Models Summary
4.3 Temporal Superposition
4.4 Spatial Superposition
4.5 Eskilson's g-functions
4.6 Chapter Summary
Problems
References
5 Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling, Inside the Borehole
5.1 Borehole Resistance
5.1.1 Internal Resistance
5.1.2 *Line-Source Method
5.1.2.1 Single U-Tube Expressions
5.1.2.2 Double U-Tube Expressions
Case 12-34
Case 13-24
5.2 Outlet Temperature Calculation: Effective Resistance
5.2.1 Linear Approximation
5.2.2 Exponential Distribution
5.2.3 Impact of Internal Resistance
5.2.3.1 Double U-Tubes
Case 12-34
Case 13-24
5.3 Coaxial Boreholes
5.3.1 Short-Circuit Effect
5.3.1.1 Annulus, In; Inner Tube, Out
5.3.1.2 Annulus, Out; Inner Tube, In
5.3.2 Uniform Heat Flux
Problems
References
6 Design of Secondary Loop Ground-Source Systems
6.1 Design Steps and Criteria
6.2 The Concept of Borehole Sizing
6.3 ASHRAE Sizing Method
6.4 Temperature Penalty
6.4.1 The Kavanaugh and Rafferty Solution
6.4.2 Temperature Penalty Using the ILS
6.4.3 Temperature Penalty Using the FLS
6.4.4 Approximate Solution for the Temperature Penalty: The Philippe-Bernier Approach
6.4.5 Approximate Solution for the Temperature Penalty: The Fossa-Rolando Approach
6.4.6 Approximate Solution for the Temperature Penalty: The Capozza Approach
6.5 Alternatives to ASHRAE Method
6.6 Swedish Approach
6.7 Pipe Interference: Effective Resistance
6.8 A Little Bit of History: The Hart and Couvillon Approach
Problems
References
7 Pumping Energy
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Head Losses: Piping Fundamentals
7.2.1 Evaluation of Major Losses
7.2.2 Minor and Valve Losses
7.2.2.1 Effect of the Reynolds Number on the Loss Coefficient
7.2.3 Series and Parallel Connections
7.3 Pump Characteristics
7.3.1 Pump Scaling Laws
7.3.2 Pump Correction Factors
7.3.3 Wire-to-Water Efficiencies
7.3.4 Impact of Speed Reduction on Pump Curves
7.4 Simple GSHP Analysis
7.4.1 Direct Return
7.4.2 Manifold Option
7.5 Pressure Rating
Problems
References
8 Introduction to Commercial Building Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Inside the Building
8.2.1 Primary-Secondary Configuration
8.3 Central Configuration Analysis
8.3.1 Primary-Secondary Configuration
8.3.2 One-Pipe Configuration
8.4 Motors and VFD Efficiencies
8.5 Practical Evaluation of Pumping Energy
References
9 Thermal Response Tests (TRT)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Effective Conductivity
9.3 In Situ Measurements
9.4 Slope Method
9.5 Test Procedure
9.5.1 Parameter Estimation from Regression
9.5.2 Estimation Using Exact Models
9.6 Estimation of Parameters
9.7 Multi-injection Rates
9.7.1 Injection-Recovery Analysis
9.7.2 TRT with Heating Cables
9.8 Mean Fluid Temperature-Effective Resistance
9.9 Error Analysis
Problems
References
10 Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Soil Resistances of Horizontal Pipes
10.2.1 Method of Images
10.2.2 Inlet-Outlet Temperature
10.3 Horizontal Heat Exchanger Sizing
10.3.1 Time Scale for Horizontal Systems
10.4 Impact of the Seasonal Temperature Variation
10.5 Steady-State Analysis
10.5.1 Fluid Temperature Along the Pipe
10.5.2 Fluid Temperature for Several Pipes
10.5.2.1 Parallel Configuration
10.5.2.2 Series Configuration
Problems
References
11 Groundwater Ground Heat Exchangers
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Introduction to Groundwater Hydrology
11.2.1 Darcy's Law
11.3 Aquifer Testing
11.3.1 Steady-State Analysis
11.3.2 Unsteady Test Analysis
11.3.3 Graphical Methods
11.3.4 Leaky Aquifer
11.4 Open-Loop Design Approaches
11.4.1 Pumps in Open-Loop Systems
Problems
References
12 Economic Analysis
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Life Cycle Cost Analysis
12.3 Net Present Value and Net Future Value
12.3.1 Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC)
12.3.2 Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
12.3.3 Discounted Payback Period (DPB)
12.4 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Modified Internal Rate of Return(MIRR)
12.5 Cost Evaluation for GSHP Systems
12.6 Putting It All Together
Problems
References
13 Advanced Topics in GSHP Analysis
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Short-Time Thermal Response
13.2.1 Equivalent Radius
13.2.2 Modification of the Sizing Approach
13.3 Calculation of g-Function, Revisited
13.3.1 Type-II, g-Function
13.3.2 Type-III, g-Function
13.4 Moving Infinite Line Source
13.5 Pile Heat Exchangers
13.5.1 Man's Model
Infinite Solid Cylinder
Finite Solid Cylinder
13.5.2 Cui's Model
13.5.3 Spiral Models
Alternative to the Ring Model
13.5.4 Pipe and Fluid Temperature
13.6 Slinky Model for Horizontal Systems, Xiong's Model
13.6.1 Mean Pipe Temperature
Fluid Temperature
13.6.2 Vertical Slinky
Problems
References
A Heat Pump Performance Ratings
B DR-Nominal Sizes
C Hardy Cross Method
D Python Libraries
D.1 Geothermal Library (geothermal_md.py)
D.2 Heat Exchangers Library (heat_exchanger_md.py)
D.3 Heat Pump Library (heat_pump_md.py)
D.3.1 ISO 13256 Functions
D.4 Hydraulic Library (hydraulic_md.py)
D.5 Finance Library (finance_md.py)
D.6 Design Library (design_md.py)
D.7 Conversion (conversion_md.py)
References
Index

Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems: Design and Application is written for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in renewable energy and heat transfer. This classroom-tested text covers ground heat exchanger modeling, secondary loop ground-source system design, pumping energy, thermal response testing, commercial building applications, and horizontal and groundwater ground heat exchangers. The book is oriented to practical applications, including the economic analysis of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, but more theoretical sections are provided covering research-related geothermal applications. Chapters on heat transfer fundamentals and heat pump concepts are included for readers less familiar with thermal engineering concepts. A chapter covering the economic analysis of GSHP systems is also included. All of the examples and problems in the book are solved using the open-source Python programming language. The book will provide students in geothermal energy courses with a solid understanding of the subject. It will also be a valuable reference for professionals working in the field of renewable energy.

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Erscheinungsdatum: 07.10.2023

2023-10-07