This book is about the Arduino microcontroller and the Arduino concept. The visionary Arduino team represented a new innovation in microcontroller hardware in 2005, the concept of open source hardware, making a broad range of computing accessible for all. This book, “Arduino VI: Bioinstrumentation,” is an accessible primer on bioinstrumentation for those without a deep instrumentation background. An understanding of basic circuit theory is an appropriate prerequisite for the book. The three main goals for the book are: explore accessible Arduino microcontroller programming and interfacing concepts; investigate the source and measurement of biomedical signals; and develop skills to design and implement biomedical instrumentation.
Erscheinungsdatum: 16.12.2023

nexusstc/Arduino VI: Bioinstrumentation (Synthesis Lectures on Digital Circuits & Systems)/2e569f3bdb3d2d4b4276831299c9fedd.pdf

lgli/978-3-031-47130-8.pdf

lgrsnf/978-3-031-47130-8.pdf

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Springer Nature, Cham, 2023

Switzerland, Switzerland

producers:
Springer-i

{"edition":"1st ed. 2024","isbns":["3031471296","9783031471292"],"last_page":315,"publisher":"Springer","source":"libgen_rs"}

Preface 6
Approach of the Book 6
Acknowledgments 8
Contents 9
About the Author 14
Part I Introduction to Arduino, the IDE, Programming, and Interfacing 15
1 Getting Started 16
[DELETE] 16
1.1 Overview 16
1.2 The Big Picture 17
1.3 Arduino Quickstart 19
1.3.1 Quick Start Guide 19
1.3.2 Arduino Development Environment Overview 20
1.3.3 Sketchbook Concept 21
1.3.4 Arduino Software, Libraries, and Language References 21
1.3.5 Writing an Arduino Sketch 21
1.4 Arduino Platforms 28
1.5 Arduino UNO R3 Processing Board 28
1.6 Arduino UNO R3 Host Processor–the ATmega328 30
1.6.1 Arduino UNO R3/ATmega328 Hardware Features 30
1.6.2 ATmega328 Memory 31
1.6.3 ATmega328 Port System 33
1.6.4 ATmega328 Internal Systems 33
1.7 Arduino UNO R3 Open Source Schematic 37
1.8 Arduino Mega 2560 R3 Processing Board 37
1.9 Arduino Mega 2560 Host Processor–the ATmega2560 39
1.9.1 Arduino Mega 2560 /ATmega2560 Hardware Features 39
1.9.2 ATmega2560 Memory 40
1.9.3 ATmega2560 Port System 42
1.9.4 ATmega2560 Internal Systems 44
1.10 Arduino Mega 2560 Open Source Schematic 47
1.11 LilyPad Arduino 47
1.11.1 LilyPad Processor 47
1.12 Extending the Hardware Features of the Arduino Platforms 47
1.13 Application: SD Card with Real Time Clock and TFT Display 48
1.13.1 Overview 48
1.13.2 SD Card with RTC 50
1.13.3 TFT Display 53
1.13.4 BioMedVue–Heart Arrhythmia Displays 54
1.13.5 SD Card and TFT Display 58
1.13.6 Arrhythmia Display 58
1.13.7 Sine and Cosine Signal Generator 59
1.14 Summary 59
1.15 Problems 61
2 Arduino Subsystems 63
2.1 Introduction 64
2.2 Analog–to–Digital Conversion (ADC) Subsystem 64
2.2.1 Sampling, Quantization and Encoding 65
2.2.2 Resolution and Data Rate 68
2.2.3 Analog–to–Digital Conversion (ADC) Process 69
2.2.4 Transducer Interface Design (TID) Circuit 70
2.2.5 ADC Conversion Technologies 70
2.2.6 The Arduino UNO R3 and ATmega2560 ADC System 70
2.2.7 Programming the ADC with the Arduino Development Environment 71
2.2.8 One–Bit ADC– Threshold Detector 77
2.2.9 Digital–to–Analog Conversion (DAC) 77
2.2.10 DAC with the Arduino Development Environment 79
2.2.11 DAC with External Converters 80
2.3 Timing Subsystem 80
2.3.1 Timing Related Terminology 80
2.3.2 Timing System Overview 82
2.3.3 Programming the Arduino Using the Built–in Timing Features 82
2.4 Serial Communications 83
2.4.1 Serial Communication Terminology 83
2.4.2 Serial USART 85
2.4.3 USART Programming with the ADE–Serial LCD 86
2.5 Serial Peripheral Interface–SPI 88
2.5.1 SPI Operation 88
2.5.2 SPI Programming in the Arduino Development Environment 89
2.5.3 LED Strip 90
2.5.4 SPI LCD 95
2.6 Two Wire Interface (TWI) 97
2.6.1 Programming the TWI Subsystem with the Arduino IDE 98
2.6.2 TWI LCD 99
2.7 Interrupt Subsystem 100
2.7.1 General Interrupt Response 102
2.7.2 Programming External Interrupts Using the Arduino Development Environment Built–in Features 102
2.7.3 Foreground and Background Processing 103
2.8 Application: BME280 Humidity, Barometric Pressure, Temp Sensor 106
2.8.1 BME 820 Sensor 106
2.8.2 Monochrome OLED Display Using SPI or I2C 110
2.8.3 TWI/I2C with the Arduino LilyPad 114
2.8.4 Networking on the TWI/I2C Bus 115
2.9 Summary 115
2.10 Problems 116
3 Arduino Power and Interfacing 118
[DELETE] 118
3.1 Overview 118
3.2 Powering an Arduino–Based Project 119
3.2.1 Arduino Power Requirements 119
3.2.2 Project Requirements 120
3.2.3 AC Operation 120
3.2.4 DC Operation 121
3.2.5 Remote DC Power–Solar Power System 124
3.3 Operating Parameters 125
3.3.1 HC CMOS Parameters 126
3.3.2 Level Translation 129
3.4 Input Devices–Switches 133
3.4.1 Switch Interface 135
3.4.2 Pullup Resistors in Switch Interface Circuitry 135
3.4.3 Switch Debouncing 135
3.4.4 Keypads 136
3.5 Input Sensors 140
3.5.1 Digital Sensors 141
3.5.2 Analog Sensors 142
3.6 Input Sensor Examples 147
3.6.1 Temperature Sensors 148
3.6.2 Light Sensor 150
3.6.3 Orientation Sensors 156
3.6.4 Environmental Sensors 166
3.7 Output Devices 170
3.7.1 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 171
3.7.2 Seven Segment LED Displays–Small 172
3.7.3 Seven Segment LED Displays–Large 172
3.7.4 Serial LCD Displays 177
3.7.5 TFT Displays 177
3.7.6 Sound 177
3.8 Application: Pulse Sensor 182
3.9 Summary 183
3.10 Problems 183
Part II Measuring Signals from the Human Body 186
4 Operational Amplifiers and Filtering 187
[DELETE] 187
4.1 Overview 187
4.2 Operational Amplifier Origins 187
4.3 Ideal Characteristics 188
4.4 Nonideal Characteristics 190
4.5 Configurations 191
4.6 Transducer Interface Design (TID) 193
4.7 Active Filters 196
4.7.1 Signal Concepts 196
4.7.2 Filter Concepts 197
4.7.3 Filter Types 200
4.7.4 Active Analog RC Filter Design 201
4.8 Instrumentation Amplifiers 202
4.9 Isolation Amplifiers 202
4.10 Application: Single–Lead Heart Rate Monitor-AD8232 202
4.11 Summary 206
4.12 Problems 206
5 Biopotentials 208
[DELETE] 208
5.1 Overview 208
5.2 Origins of Biopotentials 209
5.2.1 Biological Neuron 212
5.3 Electrodes 212
5.3.1 Theory 215
5.3.2 Some Practical Matters 217
5.3.3 Electrocardiogram (ECG) 217
5.3.4 Electroencephalogram (EEG) 223
5.3.5 Electromyogram the EMG 227
5.4 Application: Biomedical Signals with TFT Display 233
5.5 Summary 234
5.6 Problems 234
Part III Design of Medical Instrumentation 236
6 Embedded Systems Design 237
[DELETE] 237
6.1 Overview 237
6.2 What is an Embedded System? 238
6.3 Embedded System Design Process 238
6.3.1 Project Description 238
6.3.2 Background Research 240
6.3.3 Pre–design 240
6.3.4 Design 240
6.3.5 Implement Prototype 242
6.3.6 Preliminary Testing 243
6.3.7 Complete and Accurate Documentation 243
6.4 Application: Visual Feedback Array 244
6.4.1 Background 244
6.4.2 Design Iteration I: Baseline Instrument 245
6.4.3 Design Iteration II: Improved Features 250
6.4.4 Design Iteration III: Arduino–Based Design 255
6.4.5 Concluding Remarks 264
6.5 Summary 266
6.6 Problems 267
A Safety 269
A.1 Physiological Effects of Electricity 270
A.2 Electrical Safety Principles 272
A.3 Shock Rescue Procedures 273
Programming in C with the Microchip ATmega328 275
B.1 Overview 275
B.2 Anatomy of a C Program 276
B.2.1 Comments 277
B.2.2 Include Files 278
B.2.3 Functions 279
B.2.4 Program Constants 282
B.2.5 Interrupt Handler Definitions 282
B.2.6 Variables 282
B.2.7 Main Program 283
B.3 Fundamental Programming Concepts 283
B.3.1 Operators 284
B.3.2 Programming Constructs 288
B.3.3 Decision Processing 290
B.4 Programming The ATmega328 293
B.4.1 ISP Hardware and Software Tools 293
B.4.2 Microchip Studio Download, Installation, and ATmega328 Programming 294
B.5 Example: ATmega328 Testbench 295
B.5.1 Hardware Configuration 295
B.5.2 Software Configuration 296
B.6 Example: Rain Gauge Indicator 299
B.7 Example: Loop Practice 301
B.8 Summary 303
B.9 Problems 303
Index 305

2024-01-10