more Than A Hundred Years Ago, The Great American Philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce Coined The Term `abduction' To Refer To Inference That Involves The Generation And Evaluation Of Explanatory Hypotheses. The Study Of Abductive Inference Was Slow To Develop, As Logicians Concentrated On Deductive Logic And On Inductive Logic Based On Formal Calculi, Such As Probability Theory. In Recent Decades, However, There Has Been Renewed Interest In Abductive Inference, From Two Primary Sources. Philosophers Of Science Have Recognized The Importance Of Abduction In The Discovery And Evaluation Of Scientific Theories, And Researchers In Artificial Intelligence Have Realized That Abduction Is A Key Part Of Medical Diagnosis And Other Tasks That Require Finding Explanations. Psychologists Have Been Slow To Adopt The Terms `abduction' And `abductive Inference', But Have Been Showing Increasing Concerns With Causal And Explanatory Reasoning. Thus Abduction Is Now A Key Topic Of Research In Cognitive Science, The Interdisciplinary Study Of Mind And Intelligence. This New Book Abduction, Reason, And Science Contributes To This Research In Several Interesting Ways. Firstly, It Ties Together The Concerns Of Philosophers Of Science And Ai Researchers, Showing For Example The Connections Between Scientific Thinking And Medical Expert Systems. Secondly, It Lays Out A Useful General Framework For Discussion Of A Variety Of Kinds Of Abduction. Thirdly, It Develops Important Ideas About Aspects Of Abductive Reasoning That Have Been Relatively Neglected In Cognitive Science, Including The Use Of Visual And Temporal Representations And The Role Of Abduction In The Withdrawal Of Hypotheses. The Author Has Provided A Valuable Contribution To The Renaissance Of Research On Explanatory Reasoning.

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Magnani, L.

Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers

Da Capo Press, Incorporated

Hachette Books

Hachette GO

United States, United States of America

Springer Nature, New York, NY, 2011

New York, New York State, 2001

2001, DE, 2001

lg796019

producers:
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-190) and index.

Charles Sanders Peirce acuñó el término "abduccion" para referirse a la deducción que supone la generación y evaluación de hipótesis explicativas. El estudio de deducciones abductivas tuvo un desarrollo lento, los especialistas en lógica se concentraron en lógica deductiva e inductiva basada en el cálculo formal, así como en la teoría de probabilidades. En décadas recientes, ha habido un renovado interés en la deducción abductiva procedentes de dos fuentes principalmente. La filosofía de la ciencia ha reconocido la importancia de la abducción en el descubrimiento y evaluación de las teorías científicas, y los investigadores de la inteligencia artificial se han dado cuenta de que la abducción es parte clave en el diagnóstico médico y en otras tareas que requieren averiguar explicaciones. Los psicólocos han adoptado los términos abducción y "deducción abductiva" con lentitud, pero están demostrando un interés en el razonamiento causal y explicarivo. Así, la abducción actualmente es un tema clave de investigación en ciencias cognitivas, y en el estudio interdisciplinario de la mente y de la intelegencia. Este libro, en primer lugar, vincula a filósofos de la ciencia con investigadores de lnteligencia Artifical, mostrando, por ejemplo, conexiones entre el pensamiento científico y sistemas expertos en medicina; en segundo lugar, traza un marco general de discusión sobre diversas clases de abducción; y en tercer lugar, desarrolla importantes ideas sobre aspectos de razonamiento abductivo que han sido relativamente abandonados en las ciencias cognitivas, incluyendo el uso de representaciones visuales y temporales y el papel de la abducción en la renuncia de hipótesis. El autor contribuye al renacimiento de la investibación sobre el razonamientos explicativo

This volume explores abduction (inference to explanatory hypotheses), an important but neglected topic in scientific reasoning. My aim is to inte grate philosophical, cognitive, and computational issues, while also discuss ing some cases of reasoning in science and medicine. The main thesis is that abduction is a significant kind of scientific reasoning, helpful in delineating the first principles of a new theory of science. The status of abduction is very controversial. When dealing with abduc tive reasoning misinterpretations and equivocations are common. What are the differences between abduction and induction? What are the differences between abduction and the well-known hypothetico-deductive method? What did Peirce mean when he considered abduction a kind of inference? Does abduction involve only the generation of hypotheses or their evaluation too? Are the criteria for the best explanation in abductive reasoning epis temic, or pragmatic, or both? How many kinds of abduction are there? The book aims to increase knowledge about creative and expert infer ences. The study of these high-level methods of abductive reasoning is situ ated at the crossroads of philosophy, epistemology, artificial intel1igence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. Philosophers of science in the twentieth century have traditionally distin guished between the inferential processes active in the logic of discovery and the ones active in logic of justification.
Erscheinungsdatum: 31.03.2001

2012-03-09