Good compact survey of economic and political trends since 1980. Baker correctly (I believe) sees that date with the election of the arch-conservative Ronald Reagan as a watershed year. The narrative follows chronologically from the 1980 threshold and its background in the feckless Carter administration. Graphs and tables are included to buttress his points but do not disrupt the flow. It's not a polemical or particularly partisan work, though a critical undercurrent is sensed from time to time. Social issues such as gay rights, abortion, and other leading movements including the rise of religious fundamentalism are also discussed but not emphasized. There's not a lot of depth, though he's clearly most comfortable discussing causal factors shaping economic policy. Thus considerable light is shed on economic policy, particularly during the Reagan years. Put in perspective, the rightward swing over the past 25 years is unmistakable, as business backers see an opportunity to jettison or fatally weaken decades of fettering regulation. Now is a good time-- with the Bush debacle-- to get a handle on what this swing has wrought. Baker's handy little tome is a good place to start.

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Manual of Emergency and Critical Care Ultrasound

Bret Nelson, A. Nicholas Sutingco, Vicki Noble, Nicholas Sutingco

Vicki Noble, Bret Nelson, Nicholas Sutingco, Vicki E. Noble

Vicki E. Noble, Vicki Noble, Bret Nelson, Nicholas Sutingco

Noble, Vicki, Nelson MD, Bret, Sutingco M.D., Nicholas

Vicki E. Noble, Bret Nelson and A. Nicholas Sutingco

Vicki E. Noble, Nicholas Sutingco, Bret Nelson

Noble, Vicki E., Nelson, Bret P.

Vicki E. Noble; Bret P. Nelson

Greenwich Medical Media Ltd

Cambridge medicine, Second edition, Cambridge, UK, repr. 2014, ©2011

Cambridge medicine, Second edition, Cambridge, 2011, ©2011

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011

Cambridge medicine, 2nd ed, Cambridge, 2011

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

2nd Edition., Cambridge, England, 2011

Cambridge, New York, England, 2007

1 edition, October 22, 2007

1st ed, Cambridge, 2007

1st ed, Cambridge, 2009

0

lg304278

producers:
Acrobat Distiller 7.0.5 for Macintosh

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Memory of the World Librarian: Quintus

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Half-title 3
Title 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Acknowledgments 13
1 Fundamentals 15
Basic Definitions and Physics Principles 15
Basic Instrumentation 19
Using the Transducer/Probe 20
Probe Markers 21
Proprioception 21
Probe Positioning When Scanning 22
Understanding the Formed Image 24
Adjusting the Image 24
Scanning Modes 26
Effects and Artifacts 28
Part I Diagnostic Ultrasound 33
2 Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) 37
Introduction 37
Focused Questions of the FAST Exam 38
Anatomy 38
Technique 42
Probe Selection 42
Views 42
Scanning Tips 47
Trouble with the RUQ View 47
Trouble with the LUQ View 47
Trouble with the Pelvic View 48
Trouble with the Cardiac View 48
Normal Images 48
Abnormal Images 51
Extended FAST or eFAST 56
Sample Clinical Protocol 57
Detection of Pneumothorax 59
New Directions 63
References 63
3 Echocardiography 67
Introduction 67
Focused Questions for Echocardiography 67
Anatomy 68
Technique 69
Probe Selection 70
Views 70
Subcostal/Subxiphoid View 70
Left Parasternal Short Axis View 73
Apical Four-Chamber View 74
Scanning Tips 78
Trouble with the Subcostal Four-Chamber View 78
Trouble with the Parasternal Long Axis View 78
Trouble with the Parasternal Short Axis View 78
Trouble with the Apical Four-Chamber View 78
Normal Images 79
Abnormal Images 80
Pericardial Fluid 80
Cardiac Tamponade 82
Hemopericardium 83
Advanced Applications 84
Pericardial Fluid 80
Cardiac Tamponade 82
Hemopericardium 83
Advanced Applications 84
Hypotension/IVC Evaluation 84
Global Cardiac Function 86
Cardiac Arrest 87
Pulmonary Embolism 89
Guidance for Procedures 90
Pericardiocentesis 90
Detection of Pacing Capture 90
Sample Clinical Protocols 91
Literature Review 93
New Directions 94
References 94
4 First Trimester Ultrasound 99
Introduction 99
Focused Questions for First Trimester Ultrasound 99
Terminology 100
hCG Levels 101
Anatomy 101
Technique 102
Transabdominal Scanning Technique 103
Transvaginal Scanning Technique 104
Views 105
Normal Images in Early Pregnancy 106
Ectopic Pregnancy 111
Abnormal Images 112
Sample Clinical Protocol 114
Literature Review 115
New Directions 115
References 116
5 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 119
Introduction 119
Focused Questions for Aortic Ultrasound 119
Anatomy 120
Technique 120
Probe Selection 120
Views 120
Midaorta 124
Distal Aorta 124
Longitudinal View 124
Aorta versus Vena Cava 125
Scanning Tips 126
Trouble with Aorta Scanning 126
Bowel gas in the way? 126
Abnormal Images AAA 127
Aortic Dissection 129
Sample Clinical Protocol 129
Literature Review 131
References 132
6 Renal and Bladder 133
Introduction 133
Focused Questions for Renal and Bladder Ultrasound 133
Anatomy 133
Technique 134
Probe Selection 134
Views 134
Bladder Volume Estimation 137
Scanning Tips 138
Trouble with Renal Scanning 138
Normal Images 138
Abnormal Images 140
Hydronephrosis 140
Other Pathologic Images 142
Sample Clinical Protocol 145
New Directions 146
References 146
7 Gallbladder 149
Introduction 149
Focused Questions for Gallbladder Ultrasound 149
Anatomy 149
Technique 150
Probe Selection 150
Views 151
Measurements 153
Scanning Tips 154
Trouble with Gallbladder Scanning 154
Normal Images 155
Abnormal Images 157
Cholelithiasis 157
Cholecystitis 158
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis 162
Sample Clinical Protocol 163
Literature Review 163
References 165
8 Deep Vein Thrombosis 167
Introduction 167
Focused Questions for DVT Ultrasound 167
Anatomy 167
Technique 169
Scanning Tips 174
Normal Images 175
Abnormal Images 176
Sample Clinical Protocol 178
Advanced Techniques 179
Augmentation 179
Respiratory Variation 179
Literature Review 180
References 180
9 Chest Ultrasound 183
Introduction 183
Focused Questions for Chest Ultrasound 183
Anatomy 183
Technique 185
Probe Selection 185
Views 185
Scanning Tips 186
Images 186
Literature Review 187
New Directions 187
References 187
10 Ocular Ultrasound 189
Introduction 189
Focused Questions for Ocular Ultrasound 189
Anatomy 189
Technique 191
Probe Selection 191
Views 191
Scanning Tips 191
Normal Images 192
Abnormal Images 193
Literature Review 194
New Directions 195
References 195
11 Fractures 197
Introduction 197
Focused Questions for Bone Ultrasound 197
Anatomy 197
Technique 198
Probe Selection 198
Views 198
Scanning Tips 198
Normal Images 199
Abnormal Images 200
Literature Review 201
New Directions 202
References 203
Part II Procedural Ultrasound 205
12 Vascular Access 209
Introduction 209
Focused Questions for Vascular Access 209
Anatomy 209
Internal Jugular Anatomy 210
Femoral Triangle Anatomy 210
Technique 212
Probe Selection 212
Special Equipment 212
Approaches 212
Setup 214
Patient Positioning 214
Transducer Preparation 215
Probe Orientation 215
Vessel Identification 216
For a Short Axis Approach 216
Cannulation of the Subclavian Vein 219
Cannulation of the External Jugular Vein 219
Peripheral Venous Cannulation 219
Scanning Tips 220
Pitfalls 221
Literature Review 221
References 222
13 Ultrasound for Procedure Guidance 223
Cannulation of the Brachial and Cephalic Veins of the Upper Extremity 223
Focused Question 223
Anatomy 223
Technique 223
Probe Selection 223
Special Equipment 223
Setup 223
Procedure 224
Tips 224
Pitfalls 226
Literature Review 226
References 226
Pleural Effusion and Thoracentesis 226
Focused Questions 227
Anatomy 227
Technique 227
Probe Selection 227
Special Equipment 227
Setup 227
Procedure 228
Tips 229
Pitfalls 229
Literature Review 229
References 230
Ascites and Paracentesis 230
Focused Questions 230
Anatomy 230
Technique 231
Probe Selection 231
Special Equipment 231
Setup 231
Procedure 231
Tips 232
Pitfalls 232
Literature Review 232
References 233
Joint Effusions and Arthrocentesis 233
Focused Questions 233
Anatomy 233
Technique 234
Probe Selection 234
Special Equipment 234
Setup 234
Procedure 235
Knee 235
Ankle 235
Shoulder 236
Tips 237
Pitfalls 237
Literature Review 237
References 237
Foreign Body Identification/Localization 238
Focused Questions 238
Anatomy 238
Technique 239
Probe Selection 239
Special Equipment 239
Setup 239
Procedure 240
Tips 243
Pitfalls 243
Literature Review 243
References 244
Abscess Identification 244
Focused Questions 244
Anatomy 244
Technique 244
Probe Selection 244
Special Equipment 245
Setup 245
Procedure 246
Peritonsillar Abscesses 247
Literature Review 247
References 248
Lumbar Puncture 248
Focused Questions 249
Anatomy 249
Technique 249
Probe Selection 249
Special Equipment 249
Setup 249
Procedure 249
Tips 250
Pitfalls 251
Literature Review 251
References 251
Index 253

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Basic Definitions and Physics Principles......Page 15
Basic Instrumentation......Page 19
Using the Transducer/Probe......Page 20
Proprioception......Page 21
Probe Positioning When Scanning......Page 22
Adjusting the Image......Page 24
Scanning Modes......Page 26
Effects and Artifacts......Page 28
Part I Diagnostic Ultrasound......Page 33
Introduction......Page 37
Anatomy......Page 38
Views......Page 42
Trouble with the LUQ View......Page 47
Normal Images......Page 48
Abnormal Images......Page 51
Extended FAST or eFAST......Page 56
Sample Clinical Protocol......Page 57
Detection of Pneumothorax......Page 59
References......Page 63
Focused Questions for Echocardiography......Page 67
Anatomy......Page 68
Technique......Page 69
Subcostal/Subxiphoid View......Page 70
Left Parasternal Short Axis View......Page 73
Apical Four-Chamber View......Page 74
Trouble with the Apical Four-Chamber View......Page 78
Normal Images......Page 79
Pericardial Fluid......Page 80
Cardiac Tamponade......Page 82
Hemopericardium......Page 83
Hypotension/IVC Evaluation......Page 84
Global Cardiac Function......Page 86
Cardiac Arrest......Page 87
Pulmonary Embolism......Page 89
Detection of Pacing Capture......Page 90
Sample Clinical Protocols......Page 91
Literature Review......Page 93
References......Page 94
Focused Questions for First Trimester Ultrasound......Page 99
Terminology......Page 100
Anatomy......Page 101
Technique......Page 102
Transabdominal Scanning Technique......Page 103
Transvaginal Scanning Technique......Page 104
Views......Page 105
Normal Images in Early Pregnancy......Page 106
Ectopic Pregnancy......Page 111
Abnormal Images......Page 112
Sample Clinical Protocol......Page 114
New Directions......Page 115
References......Page 116
Focused Questions for Aortic Ultrasound......Page 119
Views......Page 120
Longitudinal View......Page 124
Aorta versus Vena Cava......Page 125
Bowel gas in the way?......Page 126
Abnormal Images AAA......Page 127
Sample Clinical Protocol......Page 129
Literature Review......Page 131
References......Page 132
Anatomy......Page 133
Views......Page 134
Bladder Volume Estimation......Page 137
Normal Images......Page 138
Hydronephrosis......Page 140
Other Pathologic Images......Page 142
Sample Clinical Protocol......Page 145
References......Page 146
Anatomy......Page 149
Probe Selection......Page 150
Views......Page 151
Measurements......Page 153
Trouble with Gallbladder Scanning......Page 154
Normal Images......Page 155
Cholelithiasis......Page 157
Cholecystitis......Page 158
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis......Page 162
Literature Review......Page 163
References......Page 165
Anatomy......Page 167
Technique......Page 169
Scanning Tips......Page 174
Normal Images......Page 175
Abnormal Images......Page 176
Sample Clinical Protocol......Page 178
Respiratory Variation......Page 179
References......Page 180
Anatomy......Page 183
Views......Page 185
Images......Page 186
References......Page 187
Anatomy......Page 189
Scanning Tips......Page 191
Normal Images......Page 192
Abnormal Images......Page 193
Literature Review......Page 194
References......Page 195
Anatomy......Page 197
Scanning Tips......Page 198
Normal Images......Page 199
Abnormal Images......Page 200
Literature Review......Page 201
New Directions......Page 202
References......Page 203
Part II Procedural Ultrasound......Page 205
Anatomy......Page 209
Femoral Triangle Anatomy......Page 210
Approaches......Page 212
Patient Positioning......Page 214
Probe Orientation......Page 215
For a Short Axis Approach......Page 216
Peripheral Venous Cannulation......Page 219
Scanning Tips......Page 220
Literature Review......Page 221
References......Page 222
Setup......Page 223
Tips......Page 224
Pleural Effusion and Thoracentesis......Page 226
Setup......Page 227
Procedure......Page 228
Literature Review......Page 229
Anatomy......Page 230
Procedure......Page 231
Literature Review......Page 232
Anatomy......Page 233
Setup......Page 234
Ankle......Page 235
Shoulder......Page 236
References......Page 237
Anatomy......Page 238
Setup......Page 239
Procedure......Page 240
Literature Review......Page 243
Probe Selection......Page 244
Setup......Page 245
Procedure......Page 246
Literature Review......Page 247
Lumbar Puncture......Page 248
Procedure......Page 249
Tips......Page 250
References......Page 251
Index......Page 253

Ultrasound has revolutionized a physician's ability to make urgent and emergent diagnoses at the bedside, and has changed the management of many acute injuries and conditions. This is a practical, concise introduction to what is rapidly becoming an essential tool for all critical care physicians: bedside emergency ultrasound. The Manual covers the full spectrum of conditions diagnosed using ultrasound and gives practical guidance in how to use ultrasound for common invasive procedures. Major applications are introduced using focused diagnostic questions and reviewing the image-acquisition skills needed to answer them. Images of positive and negative findings are presented, and scanning tips for improving image quality. The second edition has been substantially revised and expanded, with new images, updated literature reviews, new applications and clinical algorithms. New chapters cover additional procedures, musculoskeletal and pediatric applications, and the use of ultrasound in resuscitation. This text is invaluable for emergency physicians at all levels.
Review '... a useful tool which should be read by all critical care and emergency medicine trainees, and it warrants a place on the shelf in all departments as a quick reference guide.' Anaesthesia
'... provides useful information covering both the bread and butter applications as well as more advanced topics and skills.' Annals of Emergency Medicine
'... an excellent starting manual for those in anaesthesia and critical care.' British Journal of Anaesthesia
Book Description Ultrasound has revolutionized the way that many acute injuries and conditions are managed in the Emergency Department, allowing diagnoses to be made within seconds. This book provides a practical and concise introduction to bedside emergency ultrasound, essential for all critical care physicians.

<p><P>This is a practical and concise manual of emergency bedside ultrasound.</p> <h3>Doody Review Services</h3> <p><b>Reviewer&#58;</b>David J. Dries, MD(University of Minnesota Medical School)<BR><b>Description&#58;</b>This small manual introduces the physiology and applications of ultrasound for emergency physicians, trauma surgeons, and multidisciplinary intensivists.<BR><b>Purpose&#58;</b>This concise introduction covers a wide spectrum of diseases and applications.<BR><b>Audience&#58;</b>Practitioners new to ultrasound and trainees are an appropriate audience for this work, which originates from three authors who are directors of emergency ultrasound programs in major institutions in the United States.<BR><b>Features&#58;</b>After an introductory review of the physics of ultrasound and available technology, the book details diagnostic approaches with an emphasis on trauma, pregnancy, abdominal aneurysm, and chest disease. A shorter, second group of chapters discusses the use of ultrasound for vascular access, drainage of fluid collections, and joint evaluation. Chapters are clearly written with high quality multicolored line drawings and ultrasound images. Where appropriate, tables highlight key papers and data. Each chapter includes a citation list reflecting primary work dating to within one year of publication. The table of contents not only groups chapters, but also provides subheadings that allow readers rapid access to sample images or to a quick answer to a specific question. A concluding subject index provides adequate access to content. <BR><b>Assessment&#58;</b>This manual is a quick introduction to an important modality for practitioners. It may also be useful for teaching presentations as it provides key data.</p>

"Ultrasound has revolutionized a physician's ability to make urgent and emergent diagnoses at the bedside, and has changed the management of many acute injuries and conditions. This is a practical, concise introduction to what is rapidly becoming an essential tool for all critical care physicians: bedside emergency ultrasound. The Manual covers the full spectrum of conditions diagnosed using ultrasound and gives practical guidance in how to use ultrasound for common invasive procedures. Major applications are introduced using focused diagnostic questions and reviewing the image-acquisition skills needed to answer them. Images of positive and negative findings are presented, and scanning tips for improving image quality. The second edition has been substantially revised and expanded, with new images, updated literature reviews, new applications and clinical algorithms. New chapters cover additional procedures, musculoskeletal and pediatric applications, and the use of ultrasound in resuscitation. This text is invaluable for emergency physicians at all levels"--Provided by publisher.

The use of ultrasound has revolutionized the way in which many acute injuries and conditions are managed in emergency department and critical care areas in hospitals. Emergency departments nationwide are outfitted with ultrasound equipment, allowing acute conditions to be diagnosed within critical seconds. This book is a practical and concise introduction to bedside emergency ultrasound for all critical care physicians. It covers the full spectrum of conditions diagnosed via this modality, both for guiding invasive procedures as well as diagnosis in critical-care settings. It introduces the major applications for emergency ultrasound by using focused diagnostic questions and teaching the image-acquisition skills needed to answer these questions. Images of positive and negative findings for each application (FAST, ECHO, etc.) are presented, as well as scanning tips for improved image quality. Each section also contains a review of the literature supporting each application.

Designed to be a practical and concise introduction to bedside emergency ultrasound, covering the full spectrum of conditions diagnosed via this modality, both for guiding invasive procedures and for diagnosis in critical-care settings. It introduces the major applications for emergency ultrasound by using focused diagnostic questions and teaching the image acquisition skills needed to answer these questions. Images of positive and negative findings for each application (FAST, ECHO, etc.) are presented, as well as scanning tips for improved image quality. Each section contains a review of the literature supporting each application.

Machine generated contents note: Preface; 1. Fundamentals; Part I. Diagnostic Ultrasound: 2. Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST); 3. Echocardiography; 4. First-trimester ultrasound; 5. Abdominal aortic aneurysm; 6. Renal and bladder; 7. Gallbladder; 8. Deep-vein thrombosis; 9. Chest ultrasound; 10. Ocular ultrasound; 11. Musculoskeletal and soft tissue ultrasound; 12. Gastrointestinal ultrasound; 13. Pediatric ultrasound applications; 14. Ultrasound for the hypotensive patient; 15. Vascular access; 16. Ultrasound for procedure guidance; Index.

2010-08-30