La page de présentation indique : "The 2011 disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station led to serious radioactive contamination of the environment. Due to transportation by seasonal wind and ocean currents, these radioactive materials have now been observed in many places in the Northern Hemisphere. This book provides a unique summary of the environmental impact of the unprecedented accident. It covers how radioactive materials were transported through the atmosphere, oceans and land. The techniques used to investigate the deposition and migration processes are also discussed including atmospheric observation, soil mapping, forest and ecosystem investigations, and numerical simulations. With chapters written by international experts, this is a crucial resource for researchers working on the dispersion and impact of radionuclides in the environment. It also provides essential knowledge for nuclear engineers, social scientists and policymakers to help develop suitable mitigation measures to prepare for similar large-scale natural hazards in the future"

lgrsnf/Environmental Contamination from the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster.pdf

zlib/Engineering/Teruyuki Nakajima, Toshimasa Ohara, Mitsuo Uematsu, Yuichi Onda/Environmental Contamination from the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: Dispersion, Monitoring, Mitigation and Lessons Learned_5511928.pdf

Teruyuki Nakajima; Toshimasa Ōhara; Mitsuo Uematsu; Yūichi Onda

Teruyuki Nakajima; Toshimasa Ōhara; Mitsuo Uematsu; Yuichi Onda

Cambridge Library Collection

Cambridge environmental chemistry series, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2019

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2019

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

lg2522833

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Contents
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part I Transport of Radioactive Materials in the Environment
1 Introduction: Basic Concepts Regarding the Fukushima Accident and Radiation and Radioactivity
1.1 Overview of the Fukushima Accident
1.2 Radioactive Elements, Radioactive Nuclides and Radioactive Substances
1.3 Measurement of Radiation
1.4 Example of γ-Ray Spectrometry to Determine Accurate Radioactivity Values
1.5 Radioactivity and Radiation Dose
1.6 Effects of Radioactive Substances on Humans
1.7 Environmental Transfer of Radioactive Substances
1.8 Temporal Trends of Radioactive Substances after and before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident : Quantitative Comparison
1.9 Characteristics of Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Atmosphere after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
1.10 Time-Dependent Change of Radiation Levels in the 80 km Zone for Five Years after the Fukushima Accident
References
2 Estimation of Environmental Releases of Radioactive Materials
2.1 Release of Radioactive Materials into the Atmosphere
2.2 Reverse Estimation Method for the Source Term
2.3 Release Rates of Radionuclides from the FDNPS
2.4 Evaluation of the Release Rates
2.5 Estimation of the Direct Release into the Ocean
References
3 Diffusion in the Atmosphere
3.1 The Atmospheric Transport Process for Radioactive Substances and the Effects of Meteorological Conditions
3.2 Atmospheric Transportation and Deposition of the Radioactive Materials
3.3 Atmospheric Dispersion of Releases
3.4 What Would Have Happened if This Accident Had Occurred in a Different Season or at a Different Power Plant?
3.5 Factors Contributing to Uncertainty in Atmospheric Diffusion Models
3.6 Behaviour of Radioactive Substances Based on Atmospheric Monitoring at Fukushima University
3.7 Atmospheric Radionuclides Concentrations Just After the Fukushima Accident
3.8 Monitoring the Radioactivity of Atmospheric Aerosols and the Influence of Resuspension from the Ground
3.9 Characteristics of Radioactive Materials in Aerosols
3.10 Sizes and Distributions of Metallic Particles Caused by Burning or Explosion
References
4 Global Transport of Radioactive Materials
4.1 Global Observation of Radioactive Material
4.2 Simulations of the Long-Range Transport of Radioactive Materials after the Accident
4.3 Estimation of the Transport Pathway and Simulation of Radioactive Materials Using Global-Scale Models
4.4 Inverse Estimation of Emission Fluxes Based on Global Observations and Numerical Simulations
4.5 Future Issues in the Global Simulation of Radioactive Materials
References
5 Ocean Transport of Radioactive Materials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Measurement of Radioactive Materials Over the Marine Atmosphere
5.3 Behaviour of Radiocaesium from Rivers to the Coastal Marine Environment
5.4 Transport of Radiocaesium in the North Pacific Ocean
5.5 Dispersion Simulation and Estimation of the Total Amount of 137Cs Directly Discharged into the Ocean
5.6 Investigation of Radioactive Contamination of Marine Biota: A Chronicle
5.7 Pollution in Coastal Environments: Seawater and Sediment
5.8 Pollution of Marine Fish and Shellfish
5.9 Transfer Mechanisms of Radionuclides in the Marine Ecosystem
5.10 Radioactive Caesium from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant in Migratory Marine Animals
References
6 Diffusion and Deposition of Radioactive Materials in the Terrestrial Environment
6.1 Overview of the Large-Scale Measurement of Radioactive Materials Deposited on Ground Surfaces
6.2 Radionuclide Transfer from Forest Environments
6.3 Sediment and Radionuclide Transfer from the Land to the Ocean: International Research Perspectives
6.4 Distribution and Migration of Radioiodine in Terrestrial Environment
6.5 Understanding the Migration Behaviour of Radiocaesium at the Molecular Scale
6.6 Effects on Agricultural Products and Wild Plants
References
Part II Development and Future Issues for the Infrastructure of Disaster Prevention
Preliminary remarks
7 Monitoring System
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Radiation Monitoring Facilities
7.3 Information Necessary for Off-Site Countermeasures
7.4 Other Infrastructure
7.5 Monitoring of Rivers
References
8 Dispersion Modelling of Radioactive Materials
8.1 Overview of SPEEDI
8.2 Role of SPEEDI in the Emergency Response Framework
8.3 Response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident
8.4 How Should We Have Utilised SPEEDI?
8.5 Lessons and Tasks for SPEEDI from the Accident
8.6 Recent Status of Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling
References
9 Off-Site Decontamination
9.1 Concept of Decontamination and Its Application
9.2 Decontamination Techniques Used at Contaminated Sites
9.3 Timeline of the Decontamination-Related Events Following the Disaster
9.4 Demonstration Tests and Demonstration Model Projects for Decontamination Technologies
9.5 Contamination Levels Required to Trigger Intensive Survey for the Necessity of Decontamination Work and of the Goals of Decontamination
9.6 Temporary and Interim Storage, Processing and the Final Disposal of Soil and Waste Generated by Decontamination
9.7 Conclusion
References
Part III Lessons and Future Issues from the Fukushima Accident
10 Urgent Actions by Scientists
10.1 The Gathering and Distribution of Information Required for Applying Countermeasures at the Disaster Site
10.2 The Need for Interdisciplinary Research
10.3 Explanation of Scientific Phenomena and Uncertainties: The Importance of Validation –Lessons from the IPCC
10.4 Proposal for Group Voice: Going beyond the Limits of One Voice and Making Information Provided by Scientists Available to the Public in Emergency Situations
10.5 The Autonomous Dissemination of Information from Scientists
11 Emergency Actions and Messages Related to the Fukushima Accident
11.1 Reports from Fukushima University
11.2 Efforts of the Science Council of Japan and Scientific Societies and Unions
11.3 Urgent Atmospheric Measurements Under Collaboration between Geoscientists and Radiological Chemists
11.4 Urgent Survey for the Disaster at Sea
11.5 Participation of Nuclear Physicists in the Screening Survey
11.6 Large-Scale Investigation of Deposited Radioactive Materials
11.7 Scientists’ Contribution to the Study of Forests
11.8 Specific Characteristics of the Fukushima Accident
References
12 Recommendations for the Fukushima Project from Foreign Scientists
12.1 Emergency Response Improvements Following the Fukushima Nuclear Accident
12.2 Suggestions for Future Steps to be Taken by Japan
12.3 Recommendations to Japanese Researchers
References
Glossary
Names of Locations
Index

La page de présentation indique : "The 2011 disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station led to serious radioactive contamination of the environment. Due to transportation by seasonal wind and ocean currents, these radioactive materials have now been observed in many places in the Northern Hemisphere. This book provides a unique summary of the environmental impact of the unprecedented accident. It covers how radioactive materials were transported through the atmosphere, oceans and land. The techniques used to investigate the deposition and migration processes are also discussed including atmospheric observation, soil mapping, forest and ecosystem investigations, and numerical simulations. With chapters written by international experts, this is a crucial resource for researchers working on the dispersion and impact of radionuclides in the environment. It also provides essential knowledge for nuclear engineers, social scientists and policymakers to help develop suitable mitigation measures to prepare for similar large-scale natural hazards in the future"

"A large area that includes Fukushima Prefecture was seriously contaminated by radioactive materials emitted into the atmosphere and the ocean by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (hereafter, FDNPS1) of the Tokyo Electric Power Company, which was caused by the Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake in 2011. The emitted radioactive materials were transported by seasonal wind and ocean currents to a wide area of the globe and have been observed in various places in the Northern Hemisphere. These materials have also been detected in soil, forests, lakes, rivers, and seas due to fallout and direct discharge, and continued movement in the environment"-- Provided by publisher

This book provides a unique summary of the environmental impact of the 2011 disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. This is a crucial resource for researchers working on the dispersion and impact of radionuclides in the environment, and for nuclear engineers and policymakers to develop suitable mitigation measures for the future.

2020-05-16