Marble in Ancient Greece and Rome: Geology, Quarries, Commerce, Artifacts Marble remains the sine qua non raw material of the an­ cient Greeks and Romans. Beginning in the Bronze Age sculptu­ re began in marble and throughout classical times the most im­ portant statues, reliefs, monuments and inscriptions were made of it. Yet, quarry sources changed in time as preferences for different marbles were influenced by local traditions, the pos­ sibilities of transport, esthetic tastes, and economics. Marble studies and the identification of the provenance of marble can thus reveal much about Greek and Roman history, trade, esthe­ tics and technology. Persons in many disciplines are studying various aspects of Greek and Roman marble usage. Geologists and geochemists are working on methods to determine the provenance of marble; ar­ chaeologists are noting changing patterns of import and use in excavation~ and discovering how improving quarrying techniques and prelimihary dressing of the extracted material influenced the final shape of artifacts; ancient historians are now under­ standing quarry organization and bureaucracies that controlled marble production and trade; art historians are seeing how phy­ sical characteristics of the stone affected the techniques and style of sculpture; architects and engineers are interested in quarry technologies and usage in building construction. These specialists drawn from many disciplines rarely have an opportu­ nity to compare notes and see how each can contribute to the research effort of others.

lgrsnf/A:\Springer\bok%3A978-94-015-7795-3.pdf

nexusstc/Classical Marble: Geochemistry, Technology, Trade/8e48e4201fd64ff7503a1973bb574d3b.pdf

scihub/10.1007/978-94-015-7795-3.pdf

zlib/Earth Sciences/D. Monna (auth.), Norman Herz, Marc Waelkens (eds.)/Classical Marble: Geochemistry, Technology, Trade_2243872.pdf

Springer Science + Business Media BV

Springer International Publishing

Springer-Verlag

Kluwer

NATO ASI Series, Series E: Applied Sciences, Dordrecht, 1988

NATO ASI series, 153, Dordrecht, 1988

Netherlands, Netherlands

Cham, 20uu

1, 2010

2013

uuuu

lg1074907

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Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
J.B. Ward-Perkins and the Marble Committee....Pages 3-5
Geology of Greece and Turkey: Potential Marble Source Regions....Pages 7-10
Quarries and the Marble Trade in Antiquity....Pages 11-28
Front Matter....Pages 29-29
Extraction of Blocks in Antiquity: Special Methods of Analysis....Pages 31-39
Problems of Identification and Interpretation of Tool Marks on Ancient Marbles and Decorative Stones....Pages 41-53
Methods of Transporting Blocks in Antiquity....Pages 55-64
The Quarries of Mount Taygetos in the Peloponnesos, Greece....Pages 65-76
Marmora Lunensia: Quarrying Technology and Archeological Use....Pages 77-84
The Geology, Quarrying Technology and Use of Beylerköy Marbles in Western Turkey....Pages 85-89
Numidian Marble and Some of its Specialities....Pages 91-96
The Roman Quarries of Mons Claudianus, Egypt an Interim Report....Pages 97-101
Ancient Granite Quarries on the Bocche di Bonifacio....Pages 103-112
Front Matter....Pages 113-113
The Stages of Workmanship of the Corinthian Capital in Proconnesus and its Export Form....Pages 115-125
The Marble Architectural Elements in Export-Form from the Şile Shipwreck....Pages 127-137
Production Patterns of Sarcophagi in Phrygia....Pages 139-143
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
The Roman Emperors in the Marble Business: Capitalists, Middlemen or Philanthropists?....Pages 147-158
Marble in Cyprus: Classical Times to Middle Ages....Pages 159-159
Marble Imports and Local Stone in the Architectural Decoration of Roman Palestine: Marble Trade, Techniques and Artistical Taste....Pages 161-170
The Introduction of Polychrome Marbles in Late Republican Rome: The Evidence from Mosaic Pavements with Marble Insertions....Pages 171-175
The Marbles Used in the Decoration of Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli....Pages 177-185
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
From West to East: Evidence for a Shift in the Balance of Trade in White Marbles....Pages 187-195
Relationships between Style and Size of Statuary and the Availability of Marble at Cyrene....Pages 197-206
Acrolithic or Pseudo-Acrolithic Sculpture of the Mature Classical Greek Period in the Archaeological Museum of the Johns Hopkins University....Pages 207-217
Material Limitations and Exotic Materials in the Copying of a Hellenistic Statuary Type....Pages 219-228
Marble Veneer from an Urban Archaeological Site in Naples: A Case Study....Pages 229-229
Front Matter....Pages 231-231
Weathering Characteristics, Age, and Provenance Determinations on Ancient Greek and Roman Marble Artifacts....Pages 233-242
A Multi-Method Approach to the Identification of White Marbles Used in Antique Artifacts....Pages 243-250
Provenance Characteristics of Cycladic (Paros and Naxos) Marbles — A Multivariate Geological Approach....Pages 251-262
Chemical and Petrographical Characterization of Greek Marbles from Pentelikon, Naxos, Paros and Thasos....Pages 263-272
Front Matter....Pages 273-273
Provenance Studies of Greek Marbles by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis....Pages 275-281
A Computer-Based Pattern Recognition Approach to the Provenance Study of Mediterranean Marbles Through Trace Elements Analysis....Pages 283-291
Neutron Activation Analysis: A Powerful Technique in Provenance Studies....Pages 293-301
Front Matter....Pages 303-303
The Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Data Base for Classical Marble....Pages 305-314
Geochemistry and Archaeological Geology of the Carrara Marble, Carrara, Italy....Pages 315-323
Variations in Stable Isotopic Compositions of Marble: An Assessment of Causes....Pages 325-338
Variability in Stable Isotope Analysis: Implications for Joining Fragments....Pages 339-346
Statistical Treatment of Stable Isotope Data....Pages 347-354
Front Matter....Pages 355-355
Marble Provenience by Computer-Assisted Analysis of Xeroradiographs....Pages 357-367
ESR Spectroscopy and X-Ray Powder Diffractometry for Marble Provenance Determination....Pages 369-377
The Interest of Pore-Size Distribution in the Identification of Marbles — Suction Tests....Pages 379-385
Front Matter....Pages 387-387
Source Analysis of the Raw Materials of Four Classical Marble Sculptures Using Chemical, Microscopic and Isotopic Criteria....Pages 389-398
Determination of the Provenance of Marbles Used in Some Ancient Monuments in Rome....Pages 399-409
The Arch of Constantine: Marble Samples....Pages 411-418
Isotopic Analysis of Seventh-Century B.C. Perirrhanteria....Pages 419-431
The Use of Marble Analysis in Collections of Ancient Sculpture: Some Examples from the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek....Pages 433-442
Provenance Investigation of Marbles from Delphi with ESR Spectroscopy....Pages 443-452
Marble Samples from the Arch of Constantine in Rome: Results of Electron Spin Resonance and Atomic Emission Analysis....Pages 453-462
Front Matter....Pages 463-463
The Decay and Conservation of Marbles on Archaeological Monuments....Pages 465-474
A Computerised System for the Study and Conservation of Opus Sectile Pavements....Pages 475-482

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Marble in Ancient Greece and Rome: Geology, Quarries, Commerce, Artifacts, II Ciocco, Lucca, Italy, May 9-13, 1988

2013-12-12