Moira Yip's style is extremely accessible and clear. She does a great job of organizing the literature on tone and providing a foundation for any linguist interested in the subject. It's also a great reference for finding further reading for anybody interested in more study.

nexusstc/Tone (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics)/99c644d8f527b6a21bcc626912e3ea67.pdf

zlib/Reference/Moira Yip/Tone (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics)_736798.pdf

Yip, Moira

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

Illustrated, 2002

1st Edition, 2010

0

lg310416

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-334) and indexes.

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Figures......Page 14
Maps......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
Acknowledgements......Page 18
Other symbols......Page 19
OT conventions......Page 20
Glossary of terms and abbreviations......Page 21
Markedness constraints......Page 24
1.1 What is a tone language?......Page 37
1.2.1 The larynx......Page 41
1.2.2 Performance factors that affect pitch......Page 44
1.3 The structure of the grammar: Phonetics and phonology......Page 46
1.4 The place of phonology in the larger grammar......Page 48
1.5 The organization of this book......Page 50
2.1 Which languages are tonal?......Page 53
2.2 Tonal notations......Page 54
2.2.2 Asia......Page 55
2.3 Field-work issues......Page 57
2.4 Contrasting level tones......Page 60
2.5.1 Location of contour tones......Page 63
2.5.2 Number and type of contrasting contours......Page 65
2.5.3 More complex tones......Page 66
2.6 Tone and vowel quality......Page 67
2.7 Consonant types and tone......Page 69
2.8 Tonogenesis: the birth of tones......Page 71
3.1 Desiderata for a feature system......Page 75
3.2.1 Four levels......Page 78
3.2.2 A fifth level......Page 80
3.2.3 An infinite number of levels?......Page 81
3.3.1 Evidence for contours as sequences of level tones......Page 83
3.3.2 Evidence for contours as units......Page 86
3.4 Feature geometry......Page 88
3.4.2 Whole tone spreading or copying......Page 90
3.4.3 Contour spreading......Page 91
3.5 Relationship to laryngeal features......Page 92
3.6 Binarity, markedness, and underspecification......Page 97
4 The autosegmental nature of tone, and its analysis in Optimality Theory......Page 101
4.1.1 Mobility......Page 102
4.1.2 Stability......Page 103
4.1.3 One-to-many......Page 104
4.1.4 Many-to-one......Page 105
4.1.5 Toneless syllables......Page 106
4.2.1 The basics......Page 108
4.2.2.2 Stability......Page 110
4.2.2.5 Toneless syllables......Page 111
4.2.3 Well-formedness conditions......Page 112
4.3 The bare bones of Optimality Theory......Page 113
4.4 An OT treatment of the central properties of tone......Page 118
4.5.1 Mobility......Page 120
4.5.2 Stability......Page 122
4.5.4 Many-to-one......Page 123
4.5.5 Toneless syllables......Page 124
4.6 Some Bantu phenomena in OT......Page 125
4.7 Initial left-to-right association......Page 129
4.8 Extrametricality......Page 132
4.9 Relation between tone and stress......Page 133
4.10 The Obligatory Contour Principle......Page 135
Answer to exercise 2......Page 139
Answer to exercise 6......Page 140
5 Tone in morphology and in syntax......Page 141
5.1.1 Tonal morphemes......Page 142
5.1.2 Construction-specific tonology......Page 143
5.1.3 Morphological structure, tonal domains, and cyclicity......Page 146
5.2.2 Final particle tones......Page 149
5.2.3.1 How are domains determined?......Page 152
5.2.3.2 Rules that depend on whether something is at a phrase edge or not......Page 156
5.2.3.3 Rules that apply between syllables in the same domain......Page 159
5.2.3.4 Insertion of tone at prosodic boundaries, conditioned by syntax......Page 164
5.3 Summary......Page 165
6.2 Common or striking characteristics of African tone languages......Page 166
6.2.1 Tonal mobility......Page 169
6.2.1.1 Digo......Page 170
6.2.1.2 Edge-in association in N. Karanga......Page 173
6.2.1.3 Accentual systems......Page 175
6.2.1.4 Tonal immobility......Page 176
6.2.2.2 Mora as TBU......Page 177
6.2.3 Contrast and contour......Page 178
6.2.4.1 Data and introduction......Page 183
6.2.4.2 Theoretical approaches......Page 186
6.2.5 Tone and laryngeal features......Page 192
6.2.6 Polarity......Page 195
6.3.1 Basics......Page 198
6.3.2 Data......Page 199
Answer to exercise 2......Page 205
Answer to exercise 4......Page 206
7 Asian and Pacific languages......Page 207
7.1.1 Background......Page 210
7.1.3 Contextual sandhi......Page 211
7.1.4 The Tone-Bearing Unit......Page 212
7.1.5 Changed tone......Page 213
7.2.1 Background......Page 214
7.2.3 The OCP......Page 215
7.2.4 Beijing third-tone sandhi......Page 216
7.2.5 Neutral tone......Page 217
7.3.1 Background......Page 221
7.3.3 Shanghai tones in combination......Page 222
7.3.4 Right-dominant Wenzhou......Page 224
7.4.1 Tonal inventories......Page 225
7.4.3 Syllable weight and tone sandhi in Fuzhou......Page 230
7.5 Types of tonal changes found in Chinese......Page 231
7.6.1 Lhasa Tibetan......Page 232
7.6.2 Jingpho......Page 235
7.6.3 Burmese......Page 236
7.6.4 Bai......Page 237
7.7.1 Standard Thai......Page 238
7.7.2 Tones in combination......Page 239
7.7.3 Wuming Zhuang......Page 240
7.8 Mon-Khmer......Page 242
7.8.1 Vietnamese......Page 243
7.9 A coda......Page 244
Answer to exercise 4......Page 245
Answer to exercise 7......Page 246
Answer to exercise 9......Page 247
8.1.1 Overview of families......Page 248
8.1.2.1 Number of levels......Page 250
8.1.2.2 Contours as sequences......Page 252
8.1.2.3 Upstep and downstep......Page 253
8.1.2.4 Marked vs. unmarked tones......Page 255
8.1.2.5 Interaction with glottals......Page 258
8.1.3.1 Stability......Page 260
8.1.3.2 Spreading......Page 261
8.1.3.3 Floating tones......Page 263
8.1.3.4 Inflectional morphemes......Page 264
8.1.3.5 Chainshift......Page 267
8.1.4.1 Tone dependent on stress......Page 268
8.1.4.2 Stress dependent on tone......Page 272
8.2 North America......Page 274
8.2.1 Athapaskan......Page 275
8.2.1.1 Slave and Sekani......Page 277
8.2.2 Oklahoma Cherokee and other Iroquoian languages......Page 278
8.2.3 Tone and stress: Choctaw and Hopi......Page 280
8.3.1 Bora......Page 282
8.3.2 Barasana......Page 284
8.3.3 Pirahã......Page 285
8.3.4 Iñapai......Page 286
Answer to exercise 3......Page 288
Answer to exercise 6......Page 289
9.1 Introduction......Page 291
9.2 Tone assignment in stress languages......Page 293
9.3 Accentual languages......Page 294
9.4 Intonation as phrasal-level tones: a reminder of prosodic hierarchy......Page 296
9.4.1.1 Declination, downdrift, and downstep......Page 298
9.4.1.2 Tonal markers of phrasing......Page 299
9.4.2 The melodies of non-tone languages......Page 301
9.4.3 Intonation in accentual languages......Page 305
9.4.4.1 Sentence particles......Page 307
9.4.4.2 Phrase-level tones......Page 309
9.4.4.3 Pitch register adjustment......Page 311
9.4.4.4 Pitch accents in a tone language......Page 312
9.4.4.5 Theoretical implications......Page 313
9.5 An OT account of Roermond Dutch......Page 315
9.6.1 A phonological account......Page 319
9.6.2 A tempo-based alternative......Page 321
9.7 Conclusion......Page 324
10.1.1 Fundamental frequency, pitch and tone......Page 325
10.1.2 Pitch detection......Page 326
10.1.3 Is F the main cue for tonal discrimination?......Page 327
10.1.4 Tone identification......Page 328
10.1.5 Compensation for context......Page 330
10.2 First-language acquisition......Page 331
10.2.1 Perception of tone in infants......Page 332
10.2.2.1 Babbling......Page 335
10.2.2.2 First-word stage......Page 336
10.2.2.3 Tonal inventories......Page 338
10.2.3 Multi-word stage and phonological rules......Page 342
10.2.4 Child phonology......Page 344
10.3 Second-language acquisition......Page 345
Bibliography......Page 347
Author index......Page 371
Subject index......Page 375

The sounds of language can be divided into consonants, vowels, and tones - the use of pitch to convey word meaning. Seventy percent of the world's languages use pitch in this way. Assuming little or no prior knowledge of the topic, this textbook provides a clearly organized introduction to tone and tonal phonology. Comprehensive in scope, it examines the main types of tonal systems found in Africa, the Americas, and Asia, using examples from the widest possible range of tone languages. It provides students with a basic grasp of the simple phonetics of tone, and covers key topics such as the distinctive feature systems suitable for tonal contrasts, allophonic and morphophonological tonal alterations, and how to analyze them within Optimality Theory. The book also examines the perception and acquisition of tone, as well as the interface between tonal phonology and the morphosyntax.

<p><P>This comprehensive textbook provides a clearly organized introduction to tone and tonal phonology.</p>

2010-08-30