The three main missions of any organism--growing, reproducing, and surviving--depend on encounters with food and mates, and on avoiding encounters with predators. Through natural selection, the behavior and ecology of plankton organisms have evolved to optimize these tasks. This book offers a mechanistic approach to the study of ocean ecology by exploring biological interactions in plankton at the individual level. The book focuses on encounter mechanisms, since the pace of life in the ocean intimately relates to the rate at which encounters happen.
Thomas Kiørboe examines the life and interactions of plankton organisms with the larger aim of understanding marine pelagic food webs. He looks at plankton ecology and behavior in the context of the organisms' immediate physical and chemical habitats. He shows that the nutrient uptake, feeding rates, motility patterns, signal transmissions, and perception of plankton are all constrained by nonintuitive interactions between organism biology and small-scale physical and chemical characteristics of the three-dimensional fluid environment.
Most of the book's chapters consist of a theoretical introduction followed by examples of how the theory might be applied to real-world problems. In the final chapters, mechanistic insights of individual-level processes help to describe broader population dynamics and pelagic food web structure and function.

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9780691134222.pdf

Kiørboe, Thomas

Princeton University, Department of Art & Archaeology

Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2018

United States, United States of America

Illustrated, PS, 2008

lg2569045

producers:
Acrobat Distiller 8.0.0 (Macintosh); modified using iText® 5.5.6 ©2000-2015 iText Group NV (AGPL-version)

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Includes bibliographical references (p. [183]-203) and index.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Preface
CHAPTER ONE:
Introduction
1.1 Biological Oceanography—Marine Biology—Ocean Ecology
1.2 The Encounter Problem
1.3 This Book
CHAPTER TWO:
Random Wal kand Diffusion
2.1 Random Walk and Diffusion
2.2 Example: Bacterial Motility
2.3 Fick's First Law
2.4 Diffusion to or from a Sphere
2.5 Feeding on Solutes
2.6 Maximum and Optimum Cell Size
2.7 Diatoms: Large yet Small
2.8 Diffusion Feeding
2.9 Non-Steady-State Diffusion: Feeding in Nauplii
2.10 Bacteria Colonizing a Sphere
2.11 Effect of Shape
2.12 Flux from a Sphere (or a Point Source): Chemical Signals
CHAPTER THREE:
Diffusion and Advection
3.1 Moving Fluids
3.2 Viscosity, Diffusivity, Re, and Pe
3.3 Flow around a Sinking Sphere
3.4 Mass Transport to a Sinking Sphere
3.5 Example: Oxygen Distribution around a Sinking Sphere
3.6 Examples: Osmotrophs, Diffusion Feeders, and Bacterial Colonization of Sinking Particles
3.7 Effect of Turbulence on Mass Transport: Re, Pe, and Sh for Turbulence
3.8 Marine Snow Solute Plumes: Small-Scale Heterogeneity
3.9 The Chemical Trail: Mate Finding in Copepods
CHAPTER FOUR:
Particle Encounter by Advection
4.1 Direct Interception versus Remote Detection
4.2 Particle Encounter by Direct Interception: Flagellate Feeding
4.3 Bacteria Colonizing Particles Revisited: Comparison of Encounter Mechanisms
4.4 Direct Interception: Coagulation and Marine Snow Formation
4.5 Remote Prey Detection: Encountering Prey in Calm Water
4.6 Turbulence and Predator-Prey Encounter Rates
4.7 Example: Feeding of the Copepod Acartia tonsa in Turbulence
4.8 When Is Turbulence Important for Enhancing Predator-Prey Contact Rates?
4.9 On the Downhill Side: Negative Effects of Turbulence on Predator-Prey Interactions
4.10 Encounter Rates and Motility Patterns: Ballistic versus Diffusive Motility
CHAPTER FIVE:
Hydromechanical Signals in the Plankton
5.1 Copepod Sensory Biology
5.2 Decomposition of a Fluid Signal: Deformation and Vorticity
5.3 Signal Strength: Prey Perceiving Predator
5.4 Signal Strength: Predator Perceiving Prey
5.5 To What Flow Components Does a Copepod Respond?
5.6 Sensitivity to Hydrodynamic Signals
5.7 Predator and Prey Reaction Distances: Generation of a Hydrodynamic Signal
5.8 Attack or Flee—the Dilemma of a Parasitic Copepod
5.9 Maximal Signals, Optimal Sensitivity, and the Role of Turbulence
5.10 The Evolutionary Arms Race
CHAPTER SIX: Zooplankto nFeeding Rates and
Bioenergetics
6.1 Functional Response in Ingestion Rate to Prey Concentration
6.2 Example: The Functional Response in Oithona davisae
6.3 Other Functional Responses
6.4 The Components of Predation: Prey Selection
6.5 Prey Switching
6.6 Bioenergetics: Conversion of Food to Growth and Reproduction
6.7 Specific Dynamic Action: Egg Production Efficiency in a Copepod
6.8 Scaling of Feeding and Growth Rates
6.9 Feast and Famine in the Plankton
CHAPTER SEVEN:
Population Dynamics and Interactions
7.1 From Individual to Population
7.2 The Dynamics of a Single Population: Phytoplankton Blooms
7.3 Phytoplankton Population Dynamics and Aggregate Formation
7.4 Phytoplankton Growth and Light Limitation
7.5 Scaling of Growth and Mortality Rates
7.6 Populations with Age Structure: Life Tables
7.7 Behavior and Population Dynamics: Critical Population Size and Allee Effects
7.8 Life-History Strategies
7.9 Interacting Populations
7.10 From Individual to Population
CHAPTER EIGHT:
Structure and Function of Pelagic Food Webs
8.1 Two Pathways in Pelagic Food Webs
8.2 Light and Vertical Mixing: Conditions for Phytoplankton Development
8.3 Budgetary Constraints: Nutrient Input and Sinking Flux
8.4 Cell Size, Water-Column Structure, and Nutrient Availability: Empirical Evidence
8.5 Cell Size and Nutrient Uptake
8.6 Cell Size, Turbulence, and Sinking
8.7 Cell Size, Turbulence, and Light
8.8 Why Are Not All Phytoplankters Small? The Significance of Predation
8.9 Hydrodynamic Control of Pelagic Food-Web Structure: Examples
8.10 Species Diversity: The Paradox of the Plankton
8.11 Fisheries and Trophic Efficiency
8.12 Fertilizing the Ocean—Increasing the Fishery and Preventing Global Warming?
References
Index

<p><p>a Considerable Achievement, This Book Is A Vital Addition To The Field And An Important Tool In Assisting Interdisciplinary Investigations In Ocean Biology.&#151;susanne Menden-deuer, Princeton University<p>this Book Allows Scientists Who Work In Any Corner Of The Planktonic Encounter Arena To Expand Their Views And Teaching Capabilities To Cover The Entire Area. It Will Be The Text Of Choice For Graduate Seminars In All The Major And Minor Oceanographic And Limnological Institutions.&#151;peter A. Jumars, University Of Maine</p> <h3>charles B. Miller - Journal Of Plankton Research</h3> <p>i Found The Ordering And Summary Of Materials, Especially Those Applying Encounter Theories Directly, To Be Helpful In Ordering My Own Thinking. The Ideas Will Be Broadly Familiar To Experts In The Field, But Ki&oslash;rboe's Clean, Direct Presentations Pull Them Together In A Rewarding Way; Your Study Time Will Be Well Spent. For Aspiring Experts, This Mechanistic Approach Is Important To Master, And Working Through This Book Will Give You A Great Running Start.</p>

"This book offers a mechanistic approach to the study of ocean ecology by exploring biological interactions in plankton at the individual level. The book focuses on encounter mechanisms, since the pace of life in the ocean intimately relates to the rate at which encounters happen." "Most of the book's chapters consist of a theoretical introduction followed by examples of how the theory might be applied to real-world problems. In the final chapters, mechanistic insights of individual-level processes help to describe broader population dynamics and pelagic food web structure and function."--BOOK JACKET.

Random walk and diffusion
Diffusion and advection
Particle encounter by advection
Hydromechanical signals in the plankton
Zooplankton feeding rates and bioenergetics
Population dynamics and interactions
Structure and function of pelagic food webs.

2020-07-18