This book discusses systematically the theoretical research and the applications of electrochemical oxygen reduction. Oxygen reduction reaction is a common issue in electrochemistry, but is also an important process involved in the field of energy, cryogenic fuel cells, metal–air cells, oxygen sensors and hydrogen peroxide preparation. This book is divided into 6 chapters; it starts with a description of dynamic mechanisms, followed by a detailed introduction on the related experimental methods and related catalyst preparation technology. By providing the basic methods and testing techniques, and by demonstrating their applications, it helps readers gain a better understanding of oxygen reduction reactions, making it a valuable resource for the industrialization of scientific research achievements. Accordingly, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly graduate students, those working at universities and research organizations, and industrial researchers.
Erscheinungsdatum: 17.01.2021

lgrsnf/583.pdf

scihub/10.1007/978-981-33-6077-8.pdf

Pei Kang Shen (eds.)

Author

Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd Fka Springer Science + Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd

Springer ; Guangxi Science & Technology Publishing House

Guangxi Science et Technology Publishing House, Springer

Springer Singapore : Imprint: Springer

Singapore, [China, 2021

Singapore, Singapore

1, 20210116

Foreword
Contents
About the Editor
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
1.2 Kinetic Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
1.2.1 Working Principle of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
1.2.2 Dynamic Process of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
2 Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
2.1 Mechanism of Two-Electron and Four-Electron Reduction Reaction
2.1.1 Starting Step of Oxygen Reduction
2.1.2 Control Factor of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
References
3 The Measurements of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
3.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism and Testing Method
3.1.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism
3.1.2 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Test Means
3.2 Research Method of Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction
3.2.1 Cyclic Voltammetry
3.2.2 Rotating Circular (Ring) Disk Electrode
3.3 Electrochemical Reduction Test
3.3.1 Reference Electrode
3.3.2 Working Electrode
3.3.3 Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on the Measurement of Oxygen Reduction Performance of Pt/C Catalyst
3.3.4 Electrode Film-Forming Technology
3.4 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Test Considerations
3.5 Analysis of Electrochemical Reduction Curve of Oxygen
3.5.1 Overview of Electrochemical Reduction Curves of Oxygen
3.5.2 Mass Activity and Specific Activity
3.6 Electrochemical Determination of Specific Surface Area
3.6.1 Overview of Commonly Used Electrochemical Measurements of Specific Surface Area
3.6.2 Integrated Power of Hydrogen Adsorption Zone
References
4 Catalyst Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
4.1 Catalyst Support Material: Carbon Materials Such as Graphene with Three-Dimensional Structure
4.1.1 Carbon Carrier Materials
4.1.2 Non-Carbon Carrier Materials
4.2 Novel Platinum-Based Catalyst
4.2.1 Pt Atom Cluster
4.2.2 Pt-Based Alloy ORR Catalysts
4.2.3 Pt-Based Nanostructured ORR Catalyst
4.2.4 M@Pt Core–Shell ORR Electrocatalyst
4.2.5 Pt-Based Nanoframes and Nanocages ORR Electrocatalyst
4.3 Pt-Cocatalyst System
4.3.1 Transition Metal Oxide ORR Co-Catalyst
4.3.2 Transition Metal Carbides ORR Co-Catalyst
4.3.3 Graphene and Doped Graphene ORR Co-Catalyst
4.4 Non-Platinum Catalyst
4.4.1 Pd-Based ORR Catalyst
4.4.2 Other Non-Pt Metal-Based (Au, Ru, Ag) ORR Catalysts
4.4.3 Other Non-Precious Metal ORR Catalysts
4.5 Metal-Free Catalysts
4.6 Doped-CNT
4.6.1 Nitrogen-Doped CNTs
4.6.2 Boron-Doped Carbon Nanotubes
4.6.3 Doped Graphene
4.6.4 Nitrogen-Doped Graphene
4.6.5 Other Impurity Atoms Doped Graphene
4.6.6 Co-Doped Graphene
4.6.7 Other Doped Carbon Materials
References
5 Preparation of the Catalysts
5.1 Preparation Methods in Laboratories
5.1.1 Impregnation Method
5.1.2 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Method
5.1.3 Sol–Gel Method
5.2 Preparation of Multimetallic Catalysts
5.2.1 Coreduction Method
5.2.2 Seed-Mediated Growth Method
5.3 Physical Techniques for Synthesis and Assistance
5.3.1 Sputtering
5.3.2 Sonochemical Synthesis Method
5.3.3 Microwave Method
5.4 Post-Treatment and Activation of Catalysts
5.4.1 Etching
5.4.2 Composition Segregation
5.4.3 Surface Cleaning
5.4.4 Electrochemical Activation
5.5 Large-Scale Preparation of Catalysts: Examples and Discussion
5.5.1 Increasing the Volume of Reaction
5.5.2 Solid-State Reduction
5.5.3 Continuous Synthesis in Droplet Reactors
5.5.4 Green Chemistry Synthesis
References
6 Application of Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
6.1 Application of fuel cells
6.1.1 The Peak Potential
6.1.2 Half-Wave Potential (E1/2)
6.1.3 Limiting Current
6.2 Application in Metal-Air Battery
6.2.1 Overview of Metal-Air Batteries
6.2.2 Classification of Metal-Air Batteries
6.3 Secondary Lithium-Air Battery Application
6.3.1 Secondary Lithium-air Batter
6.3.2 Electrocatalytic Process for Oxygen Reduction of Secondary Lithium-Air Batteries
6.4 Introduction to Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for Secondary Lithium-Air Battery
6.4.1 Carbon Material Electrocatalyst
6.4.2 Metal Oxide Electrocatalyst
6.4.3 Precious Metal Electrocatalyst
6.4.4 Nonprecious Metal Electrocatalyst
6.4.5 Prospect of Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for Secondary Lithium-Air Battery
References

2021-10-10