To date, most ethanolic fuel is generated from " fi rst generation" crop feedstocks by conversion of soluble sugars and starch to bioethanol. However, these crops exploit land resources required for production of food. On the other hand, utilization of "second generation" lignocellulosic biofuels derived from the inedible parts of plants remains problematic as high energy inputs and harsh conditions are required to break down the composite cell walls into fermentable sugars. This chapter reviews and discusses genetic engineering approaches for the generation of plants modi fi ed to increase cellulose synthesis, enhance plant growth rates, cell wall porosity and solubility, as well as improve cell wall sugar yields following enzymatic hydrolysis. Strategies focusing on increased accessibility of cellulosedegrading enzymes to their substrates have been developed. These approaches reduce cell wall crystallinity or alter the hemicellulose-lignin complexes. A novel approach to cell wall modi fi cation involving the introduction of noncrystalline, soluble polysaccharides into cell walls is also presented. The use of such approaches may promote and accelerate the future use of lignocellulosic feedstocks for the bioethanol industry.

scihub/10.1007/978-1-4614-3348-4_18.pdf

Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts (2 book set)

edited by James W. Lee

James Weifu Lee

Lee, James W.

Karl Hess

United States, United States of America

New York, NY, United States, 2013

2013, US, 2012

Aug 29, 2012

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MiU

Source title: Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts (2 book set)

Designed as a text not only for students and researchers, but anyone interested in green technology, Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts offers the reader a vast overview of the state-of-the-art in renewable energies. The typical chapter sets out to explain the fundamentals of a new technology as well as providing its context in the greater field. With contributions from nearly 100 leading researchers across the globe, the text serves as an important and timely look into this rapidly expanding field.
The 40 chapters that comprise Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts are handily organized into the following 8 sections:
· Introduction and Brazil's biofuel success
· Smokeless biomass pyrolysis for advanced biofuels production and global biochar carbon sequestration
· Cellulosic Biofuels
· Photobiological production of advanced biofuels with synthetic biology
· Lipids-based biodiesels
· Life-cycle energy and economics analysis
· High-value algal products and biomethane
· Electrofuels

With 40 chapters written by almost 100 contributors, this is the most up-to-date and comprehensive overview of biofuel technology. Discrete sections cover the field's key topics, including photobiological biofuel production and high-value algal products.