In this selection of studies, J.L. Mancha explores aspects of the development of medieval optics and astronomy, including some medieval antecedents of the work of early modern astronomers. The articles deal with Latin, Hebrew and Arabic texts, and the process of translation and transmission of knowledge, and focus on three main themes. First, the theory and astronomical use of the pinhole camera in the 12th and 13th centuries; the texts edited here contain a solution to the problem of the formation of images cast by light through triangular apertures, equivalent to Kepler's, a description of the correct procedure for measuring solar apparent diameters using finite apertures, and a derivation of the Sun's eccentricity from its apparent diameters at apogee and perigee. Second, the characteristics of the Latin and Provençal versions of Levi ben Gerson's astronomical work, composed in collaboration with the author, as well as his tables and canons for finding syzygies and the mathematical methods used in the derivation of parameters. Third, different aspects of the survival of homocentric astronomy in the Middle Ages, especially al-Bitruji's model for trepidation and the technique for calculating the hippopede resulting from Eudoxan couples.
Cover 1
Series 3
Half Title 4
Dedication 5
Title 6
Copyright 7
Contents 8
Preface 10
Acknowledgements 14
ASTRONOMY AND OPTICS 16
I Egidius of Baisiu’s theory of pinhole images 16
II Astronomical use of pinhole images in William of Saint-Cloud’s Almanack planetarum (1292) 52
THE ASTRONOMY OF LEVI BEN GERSON 76
III The Latin translation of Levi ben Gerson’s Astronomy 76
IV Levi ben Gerson’s astronomical work: chronology and Christian context 101
V Heuristic reasoning: approximation procedures in Levi ben Gerson’s Astronomy 124
VI The Provencal version of Levi ben Gerson’s tables for eclipses 162
VII Right ascensions and Hippopedes: homocentric models in Levi ben Gerson’s Astronomy, I: First anomaly 247
ARABIC ASTRONOMY IN WESTERN TEXTS 267
VIII Ibn al-Haytham’s homocentric epicycles in Latin astronomical texts of the XIVth and XVth centuries 267
IX On Ibn al-Kammad’s table for trepidation 288
X A note on Copernicus’ ‘correction’ of Ptolemy’s mean synodic month 299
XI Al-Biṫrūjī’s theory of the motions of the fixed stars 308
Index of Names 348
Index of Manuscripts 352
30.01 history of the exact sciences,33.18 classical optics,39.01 history of astronomy,Arabische wereld,Astronomia Sec. 13.-15,Astronomie,Astronomie arabe,Astronomie médiévale,Astronomy,Arab,Astronomy,Medieval,Aufsatzsammlung,Geschichte 1200-1500,History,Levi ben Gershom,1288-1344,Leṿi ben Gershon,Lewi,ben Geršom,1288-1344,Optica,Optics,Optics History To 1500,Ottica Sec. 13.-15,Sterrenkunde,To 1500
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