This book offers a modern updated review on the most important activities in today dynamical systems and statistical mechanics by some of the best experts in the domain. It gives a contemporary and pedagogical view on theories of classical and quantum chaos and complexity in hamiltonian and ergodic systems and their applications to anomalous transport in fluids, plasmas, oceans and atom-optic devices and to control of chaotic transport. The book is issued from lecture notes of the International Summer School on "Chaotic Dynamics and Transport in Classical and Quantum Systems" held in Cargèse (Corsica) 18th to the 30th August 2003. It reflects the spirit of the School to provide lectures at the post-doctoral level on basic concepts and tools. The first part concerns ergodicity and mixing, complexity and entropy functions, SRB measures, fractal dimensions and bifurcations in hamiltonian systems. Then, models of dynamical evolutions of transport processes in classical and quantum systems have been largely explained. The second part concerns transport in fluids, plasmas and reacting media. On the other hand, new experiments of cold optically trapped atoms and electrodynamics cavity have been thoroughly presented. Finally, several papers bear on synchronism and control of chaos. The target audience of the proceedings are physicists, mathematicians and all scientists involved in Chaos and Dynamical Systems Theory and their fundamental applications in Physics and in the Science of Complex and Nonlinear phenomena.

**Binary Rare Earth Oxides** is the first book in the field of rare earth oxides that provides coverage from the basic science through to recent advances. This book introduces the unique characteristics of the binary rare earth oxides with their chemistry, physics and applications. It provides a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of rare earth oxides, essential for scientists and engineers involved with rare earths, oxides, inorganic materials, ceramics, and structures. The binary rare earth oxides bring us a variety of interesting characteristics. Understanding their fundamental mechanisms builds a bridge between solid-state chemistry and materials science. The book begins with a brief introduction to binary rare earth oxides, their physical and chemical stabilities, polymorphism, crystal structures and phase transformation and the association with current applications. The book goes on to present the band structure of the oxides using several quantum chemical calculations, which belong to a newly developed area in the binary rare earth oxides. Central to this chapter are the characterizations of electrical, magnetic and optical properties, as well as details of single crystal growth and particle preparation methods that have progressed in recent years. Later chapters concentrate on thermo-chemical properties and trace determination techniques. The final chapter contains a variety of useful applications in various fields such as phosphors, glass abrasives, automotive catalysts, fuel cells, solid electrolytes, sunscreens, iron steels, and biological materials. This book is an invaluable resource for materials scientists and solid-state physicists and chemists with an interest in rare earth oxides, as well as advanced students and graduates who require an approach to familiarize them with this field. This book provides guidance through a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of binary rare earth oxides.

<p>The focus of Digital Design and Implementation with Field Programmable Devices is on a practical knowledge of digital system design for programmable devices. The book covers all necessary topics under one cover, and covers each topic just enough that is actually used by an advanced digital designer. The book is broken into three sections, covering digital system design concepts, use of tools, and systematic design of digital systems. This book provides a recap of digital design topics and computer architectures and shows the Verilog language for synthesis. In addition, for an industrial setting, the book shows how existing design components are used in upper level designs, and how user libraries are formed and utilized. Using Altera's UP2 programmable device development board with this book helps engineers test and debug their designs before programming their programmable devices on production boards.<br> In an educational setting, the book can be used as a complementary book for the basic logic design course, or a laboratory book for the sophomore logic design lab, or as a textbook for senior level design courses. Using Altera's UP2 programmable device education board with this book helps students see their designs being implemented and tested, and thereby get a down-to-wire understanding of how things work.</p>

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Illmenau, Germany from 12 to 16 July 2003

In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual. Galileo Galilei, physicist and astronomer (1564-1642) This book is a second edition of “Classical Electromagnetic Theory” which derived from a set of lecture notes compiled over a number of years of teaching elect- magnetic theory to fourth year physics and electrical engineering students. These students had a previous exposure to electricity and magnetism, and the material from the ?rst four and a half chapters was presented as a review. I believe that the book makes a reasonable transition between the many excellent elementary books such as Gri?th’s Introduction to Electrodynamics and the obviously graduate level books such as Jackson’s Classical Electrodynamics or Landau and Lifshitz’ Elect- dynamics of Continuous Media. If the students have had a previous exposure to Electromagnetictheory, allthematerialcanbereasonablycoveredintwosemesters. Neophytes should probable spend a semester on the ?rst four or ?ve chapters as well as, depending on their mathematical background, the Appendices B to F. For a shorter or more elementary course, the material on spherical waves, waveguides, and waves in anisotropic media may be omitted without loss of continuity.

This Book Is A Self Contained Course In Electromagnetic Theory Suitable For Senior Physics And Electrical Engineering Students As Well As Graduate Students Whose Past Has Not Prepared Them Well For Books Such As Jackson Or Landau And Lifschitz. The Text Is Liberally Sprinkled With Worked Examples Illustrating The Application Of The Theory To Various Physical Problems. In This New Edition I Have Endeavored To Improve The Accuracy And Readability, Added And Further Clarified Examples, Added Sections On Schwarz-christoffel Mappings, And To Make The Book More Self Sufficient Added An Appendix On Orthogonal Function Expansions And Added The Derivation Of Bessel Functions And Legendre Polynomials As Well As Derivation Of Their Generating Functions. The Number Of Student Exercises Has Been Increased By 45 Over The Previous Edition. This Book Stresses The Unity Of Electromagnetic Theory With Electric And Magnetic Fields Developed In Parallel. Si Units Are Used Throughout And Considerable Use Is Made Of Tensor Notation And The Levi-cevita Symbol. To More Closely Display The Parallelism, Extensive Use Is Made Of The Scalar Magnetic Potential Particularly In Dealing With The Laplace And Poisson Equation. 85 Worked Problems Illustrate The Theory. Conformal Mappings Are Dealt With In Some Detail. Relevant Mathematical Material Is Provided In Appendices. For Information Regarding Solutions Manual, Please Contact The Author Jack Vanderlinde At: Jvd@unb.ca Or See Website Www.unb.ca/fredericton/science/physics/jvdl. Static Electric And Magnetic Fields In Vacuum -- Charge And Current Distributions -- Slowly Varying Fields In Vacuum -- Energy And Momentum -- Static Potentials In Vacuum — Laplace’s Equation -- Static Potentials With Sources—poisson’s Equation -- Static Electromagnetic Fields In Matter -- Time-dependent Electromagnetic Fields In Matter -- Waveguide Propagation—bounded Waves -- Electromagnetic Radiation -- The Covariant Formulation -- Radiation Reaction-electrodynamics. By Jack Vanderlinde. Series Numbering From List In V. 156. Includes Index. Previous Ed.: New York : Wiley, 1993. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

From the reviews of the first edition: "This is the first of two volumes which aim to take the theory of associative rings and their modules from fundamental definitions to the research frontier. The book is written at a level intended to be accessible to students who have taken standard basic undergraduate courses in linear algebra and abstract algebra. ... has been written with considerable attention to accuracy, and has been proofread with care. ... A very welcome feature is the substantial set of bibliographic and historical notes at the end of each chapter." (Kenneth A. Brown, Mathematical Reviews, 2006a) "This book follows in the footsteps of the valuable work done during the seventies of systematizing the investigation of properties and structure of rings by using their categories of modules. ... A remarkable novelty in the present monograph is the study of semiperfect rings by means of quivers. ... Another good idea is the inclusion of the study of commutative as well as non-commutative discrete valuation rings. Each chapter ends with some illustrative historical notes." (José Gómez Torrecillas, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1086 (12), 2006)

"Digital Design and Implementation with Field Programmable Devices focuses on a practical knowledge of digital system design for programmable devices. The book is broken into three sections : digital system design concepts, use of tools, and systematic design of digital systems. This book will be of interest to hardware design practitioners who are already familiar with basics of logic design and want to move into the arena of automated design and design implementation using field programmable devices. For this audience, this book provides a recap of digital design topics and computer architectures and shows the Verilog language for synthesis. In addition, for an industrial setting, the book shows how existing design components are used in upper level designs, and how user libraries are formed and utilized." "In an educational setting, the book can be used as a complementary book for the basic logic design course, or a laboratory book for the sophomore logic design lab, or as a textbook for senior level design courses."--Jacket

This book represents a comprehensive overview of our present understanding of chaotic behavior in a wide variety of quantum and semiclassical systems, and describes both experimental and theoretical investigations. A general introduction sets out the main features of chaos in quantum systems. Thereafter, in an authoritative collection of new or previously published papers, prominent scientists put forward their particular interpretations of quantum chaos with reference to a broad range of interesting physical systems

1. 5 REFERENCES 127 7 DIGITAL TERRAIN 129 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 129 1. 2 DRAINAGE NETWORK 130 1. 3 DEFINITION OF CHANNEL NETWORKS 135 1. 4 RESOLUTION DEPENDENT EFFECTS 138 1. 5 CONSTRAINING DRAINAGE DIRECTION 141 1. 6 SUMMARY 145 1. 7 REFERENCES 146 8 PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT 149 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 149 1. 2 RAIN GAUGE ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL 151 ADAR STIMATION OF RECIPITATION 1. 3 R E P 155 1. 4 WSR-88D RADAR CHARACTERISTICS 167 1. 5 INPUT FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELING 172 1. 6 SUMMARY 174 1. 7 REFERENCES 175 9 FINITE ELEMENT MODELING 177 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 177 1. 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 182 1. 3 SUMMARY 194 1. 4 REFERENCES 195 10 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 197 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 197 1. 2 CALIBRATION APPROACH 199 1. 3 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 201 1. 4 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION 208 1. 5 SUMMARY 214 1. 6 REFERENCES 214 11 DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODELING 217 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 218 1. 2 CASE STUDIES 218 1. 3 SUMMARY 236 1. 4 REFERENCES 237 12 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION 239 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 239 x Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS 1. 2 VFLOTM EDITIONS 241 1. 3 VFLOTM FEATURES AND MODULES 242 1. 4 MODEL FEATURE SUMMARY 245 1. 5 VFLOTM REAL-TIME 256 1. 6 DATA REQUIREMENTS 258 1. 7 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER MODELS 259 1. 8 SUMMARY 260 1.

1. 5 REFERENCES 127 7 DIGITAL TERRAIN 129 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 129 1. 2 DRAINAGE NETWORK 130 1. 3 DEFINITION OF CHANNEL NETWORKS 135 1. 4 RESOLUTION DEPENDENT EFFECTS 138 1. 5 CONSTRAINING DRAINAGE DIRECTION 141 1. 6 SUMMARY 145 1. 7 REFERENCES 146 8 PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT 149 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 149 1. 2 RAIN GAUGE ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL 151 ADAR STIMATION OF RECIPITATION 1. 3 R E P 155 1. 4 WSR-88D RADAR CHARACTERISTICS 167 1. 5 INPUT FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELING 172 1. 6 SUMMARY 174 1. 7 REFERENCES 175 9 FINITE ELEMENT MODELING 177 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 177 1. 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 182 1. 3 SUMMARY 194 1. 4 REFERENCES 195 10 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 197 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 197 1. 2 CALIBRATION APPROACH 199 1. 3 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 201 1. 4 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION 208 1. 5 SUMMARY 214 1. 6 REFERENCES 214 11 DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODELING 217 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 218 1. 2 CASE STUDIES 218 1. 3 SUMMARY 236 1. 4 REFERENCES 237 12 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION 239 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 239 x Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS 1. 2 VFLOTM EDITIONS 241 1. 3 VFLOTM FEATURES AND MODULES 242 1. 4 MODEL FEATURE SUMMARY 245 1. 5 VFLOTM REAL-TIME 256 1. 6 DATA REQUIREMENTS 258 1. 7 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER MODELS 259 1. 8 SUMMARY 260 1.

This book offers a modern updated review on the most important activities in today dynamical systems and statistical mechanics by some of the best experts in the domain. It gives a contemporary and pedagogical view on theories of classical and quantum chaos and complexity in hamiltonian and ergodic systems and their applications to anomalous transport in fluids, plasmas, oceans and atom-optic devices and to control of chaotic transport. The book is issued from lecture notes of the International Summer School on "Chaotic Dynamics and Transport in Classical and Quantum Systems" held in Cargèse (Corsica) 18th to the 30th August 2003. It reflects the spirit of the School to provide lectures at the post-doctoral level on basic concepts and tools. The first part concerns ergodicity and mixing, complexity and entropy functions, SRB measures, fractal dimensions and bifurcations in hamiltonian systems. Then, models of dynamical evolutions of transport processes in classical and quantum systems have been largely explained. The second part concerns transport in fluids, plasmas and reacting media. On the other hand, new experiments of cold optically trapped atoms and electrodynamics cavity have been thoroughly presented. Finally, several papers bear on synchronism and control of chaos. The target audience of the proceedings are physicists, mathematicians and all scientists involved in Chaos and Dynamical Systems Theory and their fundamental applications in Physics and in the Science of Complex and Nonlinear phenomena.

This book is an essential reference for both academic and professional researchers in the field of historical computing. It is the first book in English that covers the early era of Nordic computing from the 1950s to the early 1980s. Most of the contributors are themselves pioneers in the field. The book deals with many aspects of Nordic computing such as the development of early computer hardware, development of basic software and compilers, design and implementation of early applications in engineering as well as in organizations and developments in use of computers in education. Other aspects described include Nordic cooperation in terms of conferences and journals as well as the role of computers in social life and in politics. Paper topics include, among many others, themes such as the pioneering era in Norwegian scientific computing (1948 – 1962), the role of IBM in starting up computing in the Nordic countries, computers and politics, and Algol-Genius as an early success for high level language. Other topics include the birth of Simula, the Scandinavian school of information systems development, and the role of women in the pioneering years of Nordic computing. This book is indispensable for teachers in computing in that it gives them an extended perspective on the topics they are teaching. It is also valuable for those interested in and working with historical analyses of Nordic computing. It contains original contributions from many pioneers of Nordic computing. These contributions form an excellent beginning to further historical investigations and analyses. The book also contains articles written by computer historians that make significant conclusions about decisions made regarding development of a computing industry in the Nordic countries. Janis Bubenko, Jr. is professor emeritus of computer and systems science at the Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Sweden. John Impagliazzo is professor of computer science at Hofstra University in New York. Arne Sølvberg is professor of computer and information science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Water is the most powerful agent in shaping the earth's surface through the processes of rivers, glaciers, ground water, weathering, mass movement, and oceans.

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are autonomous software entities with human-like appearance and communication skills. These agents can take on a number of different roles, for example, as an assistant, tutor, information provider, or customer service agent. They may also simply represent or entertain a user. The precise nature and benefits of different characteristics of ECAs requires careful investigation. Questions range from the function of an eyebrow raise to mechanisms for assessing and improving ECA trustworthiness. This book will help experts and designers in the specification and development of applications incorporating ECAs. Part 1 provides guidelines for evaluation methodologies and the identification of design and evaluation parameters. Part 2 demonstrates the importance of considering the user's perspective and interaction experience. Part 3 addresses issues in fine-tuning design parameters of ECAs and verifying the perceived effect. Finally, in Part 4 lessons learned from a number of application case studies are presented. The book is intended for both ECA researchers in academia and industry, and developers and designers interested in applying the technology.

A Guide To Methods In The Biomedical Sciences Gives A Basic Description Of Common Methods Used In Research. This Is Not Intended To Be A Methods Book. Rather, It Is Intended To Be A Book That Outlines The Purpose Of The Methods Described, Their Limitations And Provide Alternative Approaches As Appropriate. Thousands Of Methods Have Been Developed In The Various Biomedical Disciplines And Those Covered In This Book Represent The Basic, Essential And Most Widely Used Methods In Several Different Disciplines.--book Jacket. Detection And Analysis Of Proteins -- Detection And Analysis Of Nucleic Acids -- Recombinant Dna Techniques: Cloning And Manipulation Of Dna -- Antibody-based Techniques -- Microscopy: Imaging Of Biological Specimens -- The Derivation And Manipulation Of Experimental Animals In Biomedical Sciences. Ronald B. Corley. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [115]-118) And Index.

<p><p>the Energy Arteries Of The Corporate Body Of Mankind Are Still Fed Mainly By Fossil Fuels; But They Are In Danger Of Running Dry Soon Unless New Energy Sources Are Made Available. One Of The Most Important As Well As The Most Ecologically Pure Power Source Is Hydrogen, That Constitutes The Heart Of Hydrogen Power Engineering And Considered As A Future Alternative To Fossil Power Sources. The Chemistry Of Carbon Nanomaterials And Hydrogen Materials Science Will Play An Important Role In Hastening The Conversion To The Hydrogen Energy System. In This Connection The Research And Application Of Materials Capable Of Interacting Actively With Hydrogen, Its Accumulating And Storing Will Be Of The Utmost Significance. This Is Of Particular Actuality For Creation Of Mobile Energy Sources Both For Mobile Telephones And For Hybrid Electric Cars That Are Developed By All Large Car Manufacturers Of The World. In This Connection The Hydrogen Capacity Of Carbon Nanostructural Materials, Such As Fullerenes, Nanotubes, Nanofibers And Other Nanostructures, Has Aroused A Special Interest Of Researchers. Hydriding Metals, Alloys, Nanocarbon And Composite Materials Can Store Hydrogen Safely At Relatively Low Pressures And Temperatures. Very Many Other Applications Are Also Possible &#8211; Such As Heating And Cooling, Waste Heat Storage, Pumping, Pressurizing, Heat-pumping, Hydrogen Purifying, Deuterium Separation, Electricity Production, Etc. As A Source Of &#8216;clean&#8217; Energy, Hydrogen Is Also Going To Be The Permanent Answer To Another Global Problem Caused By Utilization Of Fossil Fuels, Such As The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion, Pollution And Oil Spills.</p>

-the Austin Protocol Compiler Presents A Protocol Specification Language Called The Timed Abstract Protocol (tap) Notation. This Book Will Finally Close The Communication Gap Between The Protocol Verifiers And The Protocol Implementers. The Tap Notation Uses Two Types Of Semantics: An Abstract Semantics That Appeals To The Protocol Verifiers And A Concrete Semantics Which Appeals To The Protocol Implementers. The Austin Protocol Compiler Illustrates That The Two Types Of Semantics Of Tap Are Equivalent. Thus, The Correctness Of Tap Specification Of Some Protocol, That Is Established Based On The Abstract Semantics Of Tap, Is Maintained When This Specification Is Implemented Based On Concrete Semantics Of Tap. The Equivalence Between The Abstract And Concrete Semantics Of Tap Suggests The Following Three-step Method For Developing A Correct Implementation Of A Protocol In This Book: 1. Specify The Protocol Using The Tap Notation. 2. Verify The Correctness Of The Specification Based On The Abstract Semantics Of Tap 3. Implement The Specification Based On The Concrete Semantics Of Tap For Step 3, This Book Introduces The Austin Protocol Compiler (apc) That Takes As Input, A Tap Specification Of Some Protocol, And Produces As Output C-code That Implements This Protocol Based On The Concrete Semantics Of Tap. The Austin Protocol Compiler Is Designed For A Professional Audience Composed Of Protocol Designers, Verifiers, Reviewers And Implementers. This Volume Is Also Suitable For Graduate-level Students In Computer Science And Electrical Engineering. Network Protocols -- The Timed Abstract Protocol Notation -- Execution Models Of Network Protocols -- Equivalence Of Execution Models -- Preserving Fairness -- The Austin Protocol Compiler -- Two Examples -- A Dns Server -- Concluding Remarks. By Tommy M. Mcguire, Mohamed G. Gouda.

<p><p>the Energy Arteries Of The Corporate Body Of Mankind Are Still Fed Mainly By Fossil Fuels; But They Are In Danger Of Running Dry Soon Unless New Energy Sources Are Made Available. One Of The Most Important As Well As The Most Ecologically Pure Power Source Is Hydrogen, That Constitutes The Heart Of Hydrogen Power Engineering And Considered As A Future Alternative To Fossil Power Sources. The Chemistry Of Carbon Nanomaterials And Hydrogen Materials Science Will Play An Important Role In Hastening The Conversion To The Hydrogen Energy System. In This Connection The Research And Application Of Materials Capable Of Interacting Actively With Hydrogen, Its Accumulating And Storing Will Be Of The Utmost Significance. This Is Of Particular Actuality For Creation Of Mobile Energy Sources Both For Mobile Telephones And For Hybrid Electric Cars That Are Developed By All Large Car Manufacturers Of The World. In This Connection The Hydrogen Capacity Of Carbon Nanostructural Materials, Such As Fullerenes, Nanotubes, Nanofibers And Other Nanostructures, Has Aroused A Special Interest Of Researchers. Hydriding Metals, Alloys, Nanocarbon And Composite Materials Can Store Hydrogen Safely At Relatively Low Pressures And Temperatures. Very Many Other Applications Are Also Possible &#8211; Such As Heating And Cooling, Waste Heat Storage, Pumping, Pressurizing, Heat-pumping, Hydrogen Purifying, Deuterium Separation, Electricity Production, Etc. As A Source Of &#8216;clean&#8217; Energy, Hydrogen Is Also Going To Be The Permanent Answer To Another Global Problem Caused By Utilization Of Fossil Fuels, Such As The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion, Pollution And Oil Spills.</p>

The 2003 International Conference "Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Carbon Nanomaterials" was held in September 2003. In the tradition of the earlier ICHMS conferences, this meeting served as an interdisciplinary forum for the presentation and discussion of the most recent research on transition to hydrogen-based energy systems, technologies for hydrogen production, storage, utilization, materials, energy and environmental problems. The aim of the volume is to provide an overview of the latest scientific results on research and development in the different topics cited above. The representatives from industry, public laboratories, universities and governmental agencies have presented the most recent advances in hydrogen concepts, processes and systems, to evaluate current progress in these areas of investigations and to identify promising research directions for the future.

Both authors have taught the course of “Distributed Systems” for many years in the respective schools. During the teaching, we feel strongly that “Distributed systems” have evolved from traditional “LAN” based distributed systems towards “Internet based” systems. Although there exist many excellent textbooks on this topic, because of the fast development of distributed systems and network programming/protocols, we have difficulty in finding an appropriate textbook for the course of “distributed systems” with orientation to the requirement of the undergraduate level study for today’s distributed technology. Specifically, from - to-date concepts, algorithms, and models to implementations for both distributed system designs and application programming. Thus the philosophy behind this book is to integrate the concepts, algorithm designs and implementations of distributed systems based on network programming. After using several materials of other textbooks and research books, we found that many texts treat the distributed systems with separation of concepts, algorithm design and network programming and it is very difficult for students to map the concepts of distributed systems to the algorithm design, prototyping and implementations. This book intends to enable readers, especially postgraduates and senior undergraduate level, to study up-to-date concepts, algorithms and network programming skills for building modern distributed systems. It enables students not only to master the concepts of distributed network system but also to readily use the material introduced into implementation practices. Erscheinungsdatum: 15.12.2004

Annotation This volume presents a rich account of the development of accreditation and evaluation in 20 European countries. The authors are leaders in the field and they have cooperated in this effort by writing richly different, often deep and insightful analyses of the situation in their country. The two editors have added a synopsis detailing the main trends, and sketching commonalities as well as contrasts in the developments across Europe. The book shows how accreditation is becoming a main mechanism in the steering of higher education all over Europe. The book is unique in its analysis of forces driving towards the spread of different models of accreditation in the emerging European Higher Education area. Readers will obtain an up-to-date picture of the state of affairs of accreditation in the framework of evaluation activities in Europe. They will gain an understanding of why accreditation and evaluation systems have evolved the way they have, and subsequently, they will obtain more realistic views on potentialities for European comparability and cooperation in this area. This volume is of interest to researchers and policy-making staff in higher education, especially those involved at the level of national systems for quality assurance, accreditation, internationalization and the Bologna process. It is also of interest to Master/PhD students in (higher) education management

"Image and Video Encryption: From Digital Rights Management to Secured Personal Communication provides a unified overview of techniques for encryption of images and video data. This ranges from commercial applications like DVD or DVB to more research oriented topics and recently published material. This volume introduces different techniques from a unified viewpoint, then evaluates these techniques with respect to their respective properties." "It is designed for a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. The book is also suitable for graduate-level students in computer science and electrical engineering."--Jacket

La monogamia ha un ruolo centrale nella storia occidentale, ed è intorno a questa che si sono sviluppati concetti portanti come amore, relazioni, famiglia. Questo libro riflette proprio su come molti dei meccanismi che pensiamo legati all’amore non siano altro che forme imposte, non determinate liberamente e tuttavia intimamente radicate nella società e in ciascun individuo. Capiamo così che intorno alla monogamia si sono formati anche i nostri concetti di Stato, di nazione, di identità, tutti rapporti fondati, in scala più o meno grande, sull’esclusività, sul possesso e sulle gerarchie. Ma non è tutto: alla critica del pensiero monogamo l’autrice, con lunga esperienza nell’attivismo poliamoroso, non risparmia una profonda critica diretta proprio al poliamore: un approccio che, nella prospettiva di questo libro, non riesce ancora a evitare di riprodurre forme di pensiero monogamo. Vasallo, facendo breccia in uno dei pilastri più solidi di tutta la storia occidentale, ci mostra le possibilità di un approccio diverso per un mondo diverso, per una radicale rivoluzione nelle relazioni, che siano erotiche, familiari o comunitarie.

**CryptoGraphics: Exploiting Graphics Cards for Security** explores the potential for implementing ciphers within graphics processing units (GPUs), and describes the relevance of GPU-based encryption and decryption to the security of applications involving remote displays. As a result of the increasing processing power of GPUs, research involving the use of GPUs for general purpose computing has arisen. While GPUs do not support the range of operations found in CPUs, their processing power has grown to exceed that of CPUs and their designs are evolving to increase their programmability. GPUs are especially attractive for applications requiring a large quantity of parallel processing. This work extends such research by considering the use of GPUs as a parallel processor for encrypting data. The authors evaluate the operations found in symmetric and asymmetric key ciphers to determine if encryption can be programmed in existing GPUs. While certain operations make it impossible to implement some ciphers in a GPU, the operations used in most block ciphers, including AES, can be performed in GPUs. A detailed description and code for a GPU based implementation of AES is provided. The feasibility of GPU-based encryption allows the authors to explore the use of a GPU as a trusted system component. The motivation for using a GPU as a trusted component, including the applicability to thin-client and remote conferencing applications, is discussed. By enabling encryption and decryption in a GPU, unencrypted display data can be confined to the GPU to avoid exposing it to any malware running on the operating system. A prototype implementation of GPU-based decryption for protecting displays exported to untrusted clients is described. Issues and solutions related to fully securing data on untrusted clients, including the protection of user input, are also discussed. **CryptoGraphics: Exploiting Graphics Cards for Security is designed for a professional audience of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for advanced-level students in computer science.**

HOW TO GO TO YOUR PAGE......Page 2 COHERENT-DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS, VOLUME 1......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Contributing Authors......Page 13 Preface......Page 17 Acknowledgments......Page 23 PART I: SPECKLE AND POLARIZATION TECHNOLOGIES......Page 25 1.1 Introduction: Interference and Polarization Phenomena at Multiple Scattering......Page 27 1.2 Temporal and Angular Correlations of Light Scattered by Disordered Media......Page 29 1.3 Damping of Polarization of Light Propagating through the Disordered Media......Page 33 1.4 Industrial and Biomedical Applications......Page 49 References......Page 62 2.1 Introduction......Page 67 2.2 Theoretical Background......Page 70 2.3 Computer Simulation......Page 74 2.4 Dimensional Characteristics of Objects and Fields......Page 82 2.5 Experimental Study......Page 87 2.6 Singular Optics Concept......Page 93 2.7 Zerogram Technique......Page 99 2.8 Optical Correlation Technique......Page 105 2.9 Conclusions......Page 113 References......Page 114 3.1 Introduction......Page 117 3.2 Optical Models of Tissue Architectonics......Page 119 3.3 Polarization and Coherent Imaging......Page 123 3.4 Stokes-Correlometry of Tissues......Page 138 3.5 Wavelet-Analysis of Coherent Images......Page 148 3.6 Summary......Page 158 References......Page 160 4.1 Introduction......Page 163 4.2 Skin Structure and Sampling Volume......Page 166 4.3 Principles of the Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy......Page 168 4.4 DWS Experimental Approach and Data Analysis......Page 172 4.5 Main Results and Discussion......Page 174 4.6 Summary......Page 182 References......Page 183 5.1 Introduction......Page 189 5.2 Principles of Laser Speckle Imaging......Page 190 5.3 Instrumentation and Performances......Page 193 5.4 Applications......Page 194 5.5 A Modified Laser Speckle Imaging Method with Improved Spatial Resolution......Page 206 5.6 Conclusion......Page 214 References......Page 216 PART II: HOLOGRAPHY, INTERFEROMETRY, HETERODYNING......Page 221 6.1 Introduction to Low Coherence Holography......Page 223 6.2 Phase-Stepping Interferometric Imaging......Page 227 6.3 Off-Axis Holography......Page 229 6.4 Photorefractive Holography......Page 235 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook......Page 250 References......Page 253 7.1 Introduction......Page 259 7.2 Collimated Interference Fields......Page 261 7.3 Focused Spatially-Modulated Laser Beams......Page 274 7.4 Interference Fringes in Imaging Systems......Page 286 7.5 Interference Fringes Formed by Scattering Optical Elements......Page 304 7.6 Industrial and Biomedical Applications......Page 317 7.7 Summary......Page 336 References......Page 338 8.1 Introduction to Heterodyne Detection......Page 343 8.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)......Page 347 8.3 Optical Phase-Space Measurements......Page 350 8.4 Wigner Phase-Space Measurement......Page 352 8.5 Applications......Page 363 8.6 Summary......Page 374 References......Page 375 PART III: LIGHT SCATTERING METHODS......Page 377 9.1 Introduction......Page 379 9.2 Principles of Light Scattering Spectroscopy......Page 380 9.3 Applications of Light Scattering Spectroscopy......Page 383 9.4 Principles of Raman Scattering Spectroscopy......Page 397 9.5 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy......Page 398 9.6 Near-infrared Raman Spectroscopy for in vivo disease diagnosis......Page 404 9.7 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy......Page 410 References......Page 416 10.1 Introduction......Page 421 10.2 Basic Principles of Laser Doppler and Speckle Techniques......Page 422 10.3 Biomedical Applications of Laser Doppler and Speckle Techniques......Page 437 10.4 Speckle-Correlation Measurements of Lymph Microcirculation in Rat Mesentery Vessels......Page 447 10.5 Conclusion......Page 455 References......Page 456 11.1 Introduction......Page 461 11.2 QELS and Disease Detection......Page 464 11.3 Early Detection of Ocular and Systemic Diseases......Page 468 11.4 QELS Limitations......Page 481 11.6 Conclusion......Page 483 References......Page 485 12.1 Introduction......Page 489 12.2 General Outline of the Program......Page 491 12.3 Transport Algorithms......Page 493 12.4 Scattering Functions......Page 517 12.5 Light Sources......Page 524 12.6 Detection......Page 528 12.7 Special Features......Page 533 12.8 Output Options......Page 545 12.9 Conclusions......Page 554 References......Page 555 B......Page 557 C......Page 558 D......Page 559 E......Page 560 G......Page 561 I......Page 562 L......Page 563 N......Page 564 P......Page 565 R......Page 566 S......Page 567 T......Page 569 W......Page 570 Z......Page 571 COHERENT-DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS, VOLUME 2......Page 574 Contents......Page 576 Contributing Authors......Page 580 Preface......Page 586 Acknowledgments......Page 590 PART IV: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY......Page 592 13.1 Introduction......Page 594 13.2 Optical Coherence Tomography: The Techniques......Page 596 13.3 OCT in Imaging......Page 604 13.4 Effects of Light Scattering on OCT......Page 612 13.5 New Technique to Enhance OCT Imaging Capabilities......Page 623 13.6 Summary......Page 641 References......Page 643 14.1 Introduction......Page 652 14.2 Analytical OCT Model Based on the Extended Huygens-Fresnel Principle......Page 654 14.3 Advanced Monte Carlo Simulation of OCT Systems......Page 674 14.4 True-Reflection OCT Imaging......Page 686 14.5 Wigner Phase-Space Distribution Function for the OCT Geometry......Page 693 Appendix......Page 702 References......Page 706 15.1 Introduction......Page 710 15.2 Theoretical Aspects......Page 712 15.3 Absorption in OCT......Page 717 15.4 Dispersion in OCT......Page 733 References......Page 749 16.1 Different Scanning Procedures......Page 754 16.2 Simultaneous En-Face OCT and Confocal Imaging......Page 769 16.3 Parallel OCT......Page 772 16.4 En-Face OCT Imaging with Adjustable Depth Resolution......Page 780 16.5 En-Face OCT and 3D Imaging of Tissue......Page 782 16.6 Particularities of En-Face OCT......Page 789 16.7 En-Face Non-Scanning Systems......Page 794 References......Page 797 17.1 Introduction......Page 802 17.2 Theoretical Models for OCT Imaging......Page 803 17.3 Methods and Element Basis for PM Fiber Optical Interferometry......Page 813 17.4 Experimental OCT Systems......Page 824 17.5 Clinical Applications of OCT......Page 833 17.6 Discussion and Future Directions......Page 857 References......Page 858 18.1 Introduction......Page 862 18.2 Theory......Page 864 18.3 Determination of the Sample Polarization Properties......Page 872 18.4 Fiber Based PS-OCT systems......Page 877 18.5 Multi-Functional OCT......Page 887 18.6 PS-OCT in Ophthalmology......Page 892 18.7 Future Directions in PS-OCT......Page 901 References......Page 902 19.1 Introduction......Page 906 19.2 Principle and Technology of ODT......Page 909 19.3 Applications of ODT......Page 922 19.4 Conclusions......Page 930 References......Page 931 PART V: MICROSCOPY......Page 934 20.1 Overview of main approaches to OCM design......Page 936 20.2 Interferometer for compact OCM......Page 939 20.3 Development of broadband light source and interferometer elements......Page 941 20.4 Influence of light scattering on OCM spatial resolution......Page 943 20.5 Electro-mechanical system for dynamic focus......Page 945 20.6 Digital signal processing as a tool to improve OCM resolution......Page 948 20.7 Experimental OCM prototype......Page 949 20.8 Biomedical applications......Page 950 20.9 Summary......Page 951 References......Page 952 21.1 Introduction......Page 954 21.2 Optical Principles of Confocal Microscopy......Page 955 21.3 Types of Confocal Microscopes......Page 966 21.4 Applications to Material Sciences......Page 981 21.5 Biomedical Applications......Page 982 21.6 Comparison Between Confocal Microscopy and Mutiphoton Excitation Microscopy......Page 994 References......Page 1001 22.1 Introduction......Page 1008 22.2 Techniques......Page 1010 22.3 Application of OCT and CLSM......Page 1015 22.4 Discussion......Page 1027 References......Page 1028 B......Page 1032 C......Page 1033 D......Page 1034 E......Page 1035 F......Page 1036 I......Page 1037 L......Page 1039 M......Page 1040 O......Page 1041 P......Page 1042 S......Page 1043 T......Page 1045 W......Page 1046 X......Page 1047

HOW TO GO TO YOUR PAGE......Page 2 COHERENT-DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS, VOLUME 1......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Contributing Authors......Page 13 Preface......Page 17 Acknowledgments......Page 23 PART I: SPECKLE AND POLARIZATION TECHNOLOGIES......Page 25 1.1 Introduction: Interference and Polarization Phenomena at Multiple Scattering......Page 27 1.2 Temporal and Angular Correlations of Light Scattered by Disordered Media......Page 29 1.3 Damping of Polarization of Light Propagating through the Disordered Media......Page 33 1.4 Industrial and Biomedical Applications......Page 49 References......Page 62 2.1 Introduction......Page 67 2.2 Theoretical Background......Page 70 2.3 Computer Simulation......Page 74 2.4 Dimensional Characteristics of Objects and Fields......Page 82 2.5 Experimental Study......Page 87 2.6 Singular Optics Concept......Page 93 2.7 Zerogram Technique......Page 99 2.8 Optical Correlation Technique......Page 105 2.9 Conclusions......Page 113 References......Page 114 3.1 Introduction......Page 117 3.2 Optical Models of Tissue Architectonics......Page 119 3.3 Polarization and Coherent Imaging......Page 123 3.4 Stokes-Correlometry of Tissues......Page 138 3.5 Wavelet-Analysis of Coherent Images......Page 148 3.6 Summary......Page 158 References......Page 160 4.1 Introduction......Page 163 4.2 Skin Structure and Sampling Volume......Page 166 4.3 Principles of the Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy......Page 168 4.4 DWS Experimental Approach and Data Analysis......Page 172 4.5 Main Results and Discussion......Page 174 4.6 Summary......Page 182 References......Page 183 5.1 Introduction......Page 189 5.2 Principles of Laser Speckle Imaging......Page 190 5.3 Instrumentation and Performances......Page 193 5.4 Applications......Page 194 5.5 A Modified Laser Speckle Imaging Method with Improved Spatial Resolution......Page 206 5.6 Conclusion......Page 214 References......Page 216 PART II: HOLOGRAPHY, INTERFEROMETRY, HETERODYNING......Page 221 6.1 Introduction to Low Coherence Holography......Page 223 6.2 Phase-Stepping Interferometric Imaging......Page 227 6.3 Off-Axis Holography......Page 229 6.4 Photorefractive Holography......Page 235 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook......Page 250 References......Page 253 7.1 Introduction......Page 259 7.2 Collimated Interference Fields......Page 261 7.3 Focused Spatially-Modulated Laser Beams......Page 274 7.4 Interference Fringes in Imaging Systems......Page 286 7.5 Interference Fringes Formed by Scattering Optical Elements......Page 304 7.6 Industrial and Biomedical Applications......Page 317 7.7 Summary......Page 336 References......Page 338 8.1 Introduction to Heterodyne Detection......Page 343 8.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)......Page 347 8.3 Optical Phase-Space Measurements......Page 350 8.4 Wigner Phase-Space Measurement......Page 352 8.5 Applications......Page 363 8.6 Summary......Page 374 References......Page 375 PART III: LIGHT SCATTERING METHODS......Page 377 9.1 Introduction......Page 379 9.2 Principles of Light Scattering Spectroscopy......Page 380 9.3 Applications of Light Scattering Spectroscopy......Page 383 9.4 Principles of Raman Scattering Spectroscopy......Page 397 9.5 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy......Page 398 9.6 Near-infrared Raman Spectroscopy for in vivo disease diagnosis......Page 404 9.7 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy......Page 410 References......Page 416 10.1 Introduction......Page 421 10.2 Basic Principles of Laser Doppler and Speckle Techniques......Page 422 10.3 Biomedical Applications of Laser Doppler and Speckle Techniques......Page 437 10.4 Speckle-Correlation Measurements of Lymph Microcirculation in Rat Mesentery Vessels......Page 447 10.5 Conclusion......Page 455 References......Page 456 11.1 Introduction......Page 461 11.2 QELS and Disease Detection......Page 464 11.3 Early Detection of Ocular and Systemic Diseases......Page 468 11.4 QELS Limitations......Page 481 11.6 Conclusion......Page 483 References......Page 485 12.1 Introduction......Page 489 12.2 General Outline of the Program......Page 491 12.3 Transport Algorithms......Page 493 12.4 Scattering Functions......Page 517 12.5 Light Sources......Page 524 12.6 Detection......Page 528 12.7 Special Features......Page 533 12.8 Output Options......Page 545 12.9 Conclusions......Page 554 References......Page 555 B......Page 557 C......Page 558 D......Page 559 E......Page 560 G......Page 561 I......Page 562 L......Page 563 N......Page 564 P......Page 565 R......Page 566 S......Page 567 T......Page 569 W......Page 570 Z......Page 571 COHERENT-DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS, VOLUME 2......Page 574 Contents......Page 576 Contributing Authors......Page 580 Preface......Page 586 Acknowledgments......Page 590 PART IV: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY......Page 592 13.1 Introduction......Page 594 13.2 Optical Coherence Tomography: The Techniques......Page 596 13.3 OCT in Imaging......Page 604 13.4 Effects of Light Scattering on OCT......Page 612 13.5 New Technique to Enhance OCT Imaging Capabilities......Page 623 13.6 Summary......Page 641 References......Page 643 14.1 Introduction......Page 652 14.2 Analytical OCT Model Based on the Extended Huygens-Fresnel Principle......Page 654 14.3 Advanced Monte Carlo Simulation of OCT Systems......Page 674 14.4 True-Reflection OCT Imaging......Page 686 14.5 Wigner Phase-Space Distribution Function for the OCT Geometry......Page 693 Appendix......Page 702 References......Page 706 15.1 Introduction......Page 710 15.2 Theoretical Aspects......Page 712 15.3 Absorption in OCT......Page 717 15.4 Dispersion in OCT......Page 733 References......Page 749 16.1 Different Scanning Procedures......Page 754 16.2 Simultaneous En-Face OCT and Confocal Imaging......Page 769 16.3 Parallel OCT......Page 772 16.4 En-Face OCT Imaging with Adjustable Depth Resolution......Page 780 16.5 En-Face OCT and 3D Imaging of Tissue......Page 782 16.6 Particularities of En-Face OCT......Page 789 16.7 En-Face Non-Scanning Systems......Page 794 References......Page 797 17.1 Introduction......Page 802 17.2 Theoretical Models for OCT Imaging......Page 803 17.3 Methods and Element Basis for PM Fiber Optical Interferometry......Page 813 17.4 Experimental OCT Systems......Page 824 17.5 Clinical Applications of OCT......Page 833 17.6 Discussion and Future Directions......Page 857 References......Page 858 18.1 Introduction......Page 862 18.2 Theory......Page 864 18.3 Determination of the Sample Polarization Properties......Page 872 18.4 Fiber Based PS-OCT systems......Page 877 18.5 Multi-Functional OCT......Page 887 18.6 PS-OCT in Ophthalmology......Page 892 18.7 Future Directions in PS-OCT......Page 901 References......Page 902 19.1 Introduction......Page 906 19.2 Principle and Technology of ODT......Page 909 19.3 Applications of ODT......Page 922 19.4 Conclusions......Page 930 References......Page 931 PART V: MICROSCOPY......Page 934 20.1 Overview of main approaches to OCM design......Page 936 20.2 Interferometer for compact OCM......Page 939 20.3 Development of broadband light source and interferometer elements......Page 941 20.4 Influence of light scattering on OCM spatial resolution......Page 943 20.5 Electro-mechanical system for dynamic focus......Page 945 20.6 Digital signal processing as a tool to improve OCM resolution......Page 948 20.7 Experimental OCM prototype......Page 949 20.8 Biomedical applications......Page 950 20.9 Summary......Page 951 References......Page 952 21.1 Introduction......Page 954 21.2 Optical Principles of Confocal Microscopy......Page 955 21.3 Types of Confocal Microscopes......Page 966 21.4 Applications to Material Sciences......Page 981 21.5 Biomedical Applications......Page 982 21.6 Comparison Between Confocal Microscopy and Mutiphoton Excitation Microscopy......Page 994 References......Page 1001 22.1 Introduction......Page 1008 22.2 Techniques......Page 1010 22.3 Application of OCT and CLSM......Page 1015 22.4 Discussion......Page 1027 References......Page 1028 B......Page 1032 C......Page 1033 D......Page 1034 E......Page 1035 F......Page 1036 I......Page 1037 L......Page 1039 M......Page 1040 O......Page 1041 P......Page 1042 S......Page 1043 T......Page 1045 W......Page 1046 X......Page 1047

The present book – through the topics and the problems approach – aims at filling a gap, a real need in our literature concerning CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Our presentation results from a large documentation and focuses on reviewing the present day most important numerical and computational methods in CFD. Many theoreticians and experts in the field have expressed their - terest in and need for such an enterprise. This was the motivation for carrying out our study and writing this book. It contains an important systematic collection of numerical working instruments in Fluid Dyn- ics. Our current approach to CFD started ten years ago when the Univ- sity of Paris XI suggested a collaboration in the field of spectral methods for fluid dynamics. Soon after – preeminently studying the numerical approaches to Navier–Stokes nonlinearities – we completed a number of research projects which we presented at the most important inter- tional conferences in the field, to gratifying appreciation. An important qualitative step in our work was provided by the dev- opment of a computational basis and by access to a number of expert softwares. This fact allowed us to generate effective working programs for most of the problems and examples presented in the book, an - pect which was not taken into account in most similar studies that have already appeared all over the world.

Binary Rare Earth Oxides is the first book in the field of rare earth oxides that provides coverage from the basic science through to recent advances. This book introduces the unique characteristics of the binary rare earth oxides with their chemistry, physics and applications. It provides a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of rare earth oxides, essential for scientists and engineers involved with rare earths, oxides, inorganic materials, ceramics, and structures. The binary rare earth oxides bring us a variety of interesting characteristics. Understanding their fundamental mechanisms builds a bridge between solid-state chemistry and materials science. The book begins with a brief introduction to binary rare earth oxides, their physical and chemical stabilities, polymorphism, crystal structures and phase transformation and the association with current applications. The book goes on to present the band structure of the oxides using several quantum chemical calculations, which belong to a newly developed area in the binary rare earth oxides. Central to this chapter are the characterizations of electrical, magnetic and optical properties, as well as details of single crystal growth and particle preparation methods that have progressed in recent years. Later chapters concentrate on thermo-chemical properties and trace determination techniques. The final chapter contains a variety of useful applications in various fields such as phosphors, glass abrasives, automotive catalysts, fuel cells, solid electrolytes, sunscreens, iron steels, and biological materials. This book is an invaluable resource for materials scientists and solid-state physicists and chemists with an interest in rare earth oxides, as well as advanced students and graduates who require an approach to familiarize them with this field. This book provides guidance through a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of binary rare earth oxides.

All students and advocates of human rights will be interested in this concerted exploration of the human rights moral obligations that fall, not directly on states, but on private and public organisations. Such an approach to human rights opens up the possibility of holding corporations and bureaucracies to account for human rights violations even when they have acted in accordance with the law. This interdisciplinary and international project brings together eminent philosophers, lawyers, social scientists and practitioners to articulate theoretically and develop in practical contexts the moral implications of human rights for non-state actors. What emerges from the book as a whole is a distinctive contemporary vision of the emerging moral impact of human rights and its significance for organisational behaviour and performance. Erscheinungsdatum: 27.07.2004

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are autonomous software entities with human-like appearance and communication skills. These agents can take on a number of different roles, for example, as an assistant, tutor, information provider, or customer service agent. They may also simply represent or entertain a user. The precise nature and benefits of different characteristics of ECAs requires careful investigation. Questions range from the function of an eyebrow raise to mechanisms for assessing and improving ECA trustworthiness. This book will help experts and designers in the specification and development of applications incorporating ECAs. Part 1 provides guidelines for evaluation methodologies and the identification of design and evaluation parameters. Part 2 demonstrates the importance of considering the user's perspective and interaction experience. Part 3 addresses issues in fine-tuning design parameters of ECAs and verifying the perceived effect. Finally, in Part 4 lessons learned from a number of application case studies are presented. The book is intended for both ECA researchers in academia and industry, and developers and designers interested in applying the technology.

-the Austin Protocol Compiler Presents A Protocol Specification Language Called The Timed Abstract Protocol (tap) Notation. This Book Will Finally Close The Communication Gap Between The Protocol Verifiers And The Protocol Implementers. The Tap Notation Uses Two Types Of Semantics: An Abstract Semantics That Appeals To The Protocol Verifiers And A Concrete Semantics Which Appeals To The Protocol Implementers. The Austin Protocol Compiler Illustrates That The Two Types Of Semantics Of Tap Are Equivalent. Thus, The Correctness Of Tap Specification Of Some Protocol, That Is Established Based On The Abstract Semantics Of Tap, Is Maintained When This Specification Is Implemented Based On Concrete Semantics Of Tap. The Equivalence Between The Abstract And Concrete Semantics Of Tap Suggests The Following Three-step Method For Developing A Correct Implementation Of A Protocol In This Book: 1. Specify The Protocol Using The Tap Notation. 2. Verify The Correctness Of The Specification Based On The Abstract Semantics Of Tap 3. Implement The Specification Based On The Concrete Semantics Of Tap For Step 3, This Book Introduces The Austin Protocol Compiler (apc) That Takes As Input, A Tap Specification Of Some Protocol, And Produces As Output C-code That Implements This Protocol Based On The Concrete Semantics Of Tap. The Austin Protocol Compiler Is Designed For A Professional Audience Composed Of Protocol Designers, Verifiers, Reviewers And Implementers. This Volume Is Also Suitable For Graduate-level Students In Computer Science And Electrical Engineering. Network Protocols -- The Timed Abstract Protocol Notation -- Execution Models Of Network Protocols -- Equivalence Of Execution Models -- Preserving Fairness -- The Austin Protocol Compiler -- Two Examples -- A Dns Server -- Concluding Remarks. By Tommy M. Mcguire, Mohamed G. Gouda.

On the occasion of the retirement of Ulrich Schwarz, a symposium was held in Groningen in May of 1996, celebrating his contributions to the study of the int- stellar medium, including his work on the high-velocity clouds. The coming together of many specialists in the latter ?eld prompted the idea of compiling a book c- taining their contributions, and summarizing the status of our understanding of the high-velocity cloud phenomenon. This seemed especially worthwhile at the time, since many exciting developments were taking place. After the discovery of some H i clouds with high velocities, about 40 years ago, the subject had been dominated by 21-cm observations of H i emission. Starting in the mid-1980s much progress was being made because of the availability of new instruments, such as large ground-based optical telescopes and UV observatories in space. The connections between the work on high-velocity clouds and other studies of the properties of the (hot) interstellar medium also became clearer. Erscheinungsdatum: 29.09.2004

This Book Is A Self Contained Course In Electromagnetic Theory Suitable For Senior Physics And Electrical Engineering Students As Well As Graduate Students Whose Past Has Not Prepared Them Well For Books Such As Jackson Or Landau And Lifschitz. The Text Is Liberally Sprinkled With Worked Examples Illustrating The Application Of The Theory To Various Physical Problems. In This New Edition I Have Endeavored To Improve The Accuracy And Readability, Added And Further Clarified Examples, Added Sections On Schwarz-christoffel Mappings, And To Make The Book More Self Sufficient Added An Appendix On Orthogonal Function Expansions And Added The Derivation Of Bessel Functions And Legendre Polynomials As Well As Derivation Of Their Generating Functions. The Number Of Student Exercises Has Been Increased By 45 Over The Previous Edition. This Book Stresses The Unity Of Electromagnetic Theory With Electric And Magnetic Fields Developed In Parallel. Si Units Are Used Throughout And Considerable Use Is Made Of Tensor Notation And The Levi-cevita Symbol. To More Closely Display The Parallelism, Extensive Use Is Made Of The Scalar Magnetic Potential Particularly In Dealing With The Laplace And Poisson Equation. 85 Worked Problems Illustrate The Theory. Conformal Mappings Are Dealt With In Some Detail. Relevant Mathematical Material Is Provided In Appendices. For Information Regarding Solutions Manual, Please Contact The Author Jack Vanderlinde At: Jvd@unb.ca Or See Website Www.unb.ca/fredericton/science/physics/jvdl. Static Electric And Magnetic Fields In Vacuum -- Charge And Current Distributions -- Slowly Varying Fields In Vacuum -- Energy And Momentum -- Static Potentials In Vacuum — Laplace’s Equation -- Static Potentials With Sources—poisson’s Equation -- Static Electromagnetic Fields In Matter -- Time-dependent Electromagnetic Fields In Matter -- Waveguide Propagation—bounded Waves -- Electromagnetic Radiation -- The Covariant Formulation -- Radiation Reaction-electrodynamics. By Jack Vanderlinde. Series Numbering From List In V. 156. Includes Index. Previous Ed.: New York : Wiley, 1993. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

Binary Rare Earth Oxides is the first book in the field of rare earth oxides that provides coverage from the basic science through to recent advances. This book introduces the unique characteristics of the binary rare earth oxides with their chemistry, physics and applications. It provides a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of rare earth oxides, essential for scientists and engineers involved with rare earths, oxides, inorganic materials, ceramics, and structures. The binary rare earth oxides bring us a variety of interesting characteristics. Understanding their fundamental mechanisms builds a bridge between solid-state chemistry and materials science. The book begins with a brief introduction to binary rare earth oxides, their physical and chemical stabilities, polymorphism, crystal structures and phase transformation and the association with current applications. The book goes on to present the band structure of the oxides using several quantum chemical calculations, which belong to a newly developed area in the binary rare earth oxides. Central to this chapter are the characterizations of electrical, magnetic and optical properties, as well as details of single crystal growth and particle preparation methods that have progressed in recent years. Later chapters concentrate on thermo-chemical properties and trace determination techniques. The final chapter contains a variety of useful applications in various fields such as phosphors, glass abrasives, automotive catalysts, fuel cells, solid electrolytes, sunscreens, iron steels, and biological materials. This book is an invaluable resource for materials scientists and solid-state physicists and chemists with an interest in rare earth oxides, as well as advanced students and graduates who require an approach to familiarize them with this field. This book provides guidance through a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of binary rare earth oxides.</P>

**Binary Rare Earth Oxides** is the first book in the field of rare earth oxides that provides coverage from the basic science through to recent advances. This book introduces the unique characteristics of the binary rare earth oxides with their chemistry, physics and applications. It provides a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of rare earth oxides, essential for scientists and engineers involved with rare earths, oxides, inorganic materials, ceramics, and structures. The binary rare earth oxides bring us a variety of interesting characteristics. Understanding their fundamental mechanisms builds a bridge between solid-state chemistry and materials science. The book begins with a brief introduction to binary rare earth oxides, their physical and chemical stabilities, polymorphism, crystal structures and phase transformation and the association with current applications. The book goes on to present the band structure of the oxides using several quantum chemical calculations, which belong to a newly developed area in the binary rare earth oxides. Central to this chapter are the characterizations of electrical, magnetic and optical properties, as well as details of single crystal growth and particle preparation methods that have progressed in recent years. Later chapters concentrate on thermo-chemical properties and trace determination techniques. The final chapter contains a variety of useful applications in various fields such as phosphors, glass abrasives, automotive catalysts, fuel cells, solid electrolytes, sunscreens, iron steels, and biological materials. This book is an invaluable resource for materials scientists and solid-state physicists and chemists with an interest in rare earth oxides, as well as advanced students and graduates who require an approach to familiarize them with this field. This book provides guidance through a comprehensive review of all the characteristics of binary rare earth oxides.

This book is an essential reference for both academic and professional researchers in the field of historical computing. It is the first book in English that covers the early era of Nordic computing from the 1950s to the early 1980s. Most of the contributors are themselves pioneers in the field. The book deals with many aspects of Nordic computing such as the development of early computer hardware, development of basic software and compilers, design and implementation of early applications in engineering as well as in organizations and developments in use of computers in education. Other aspects described include Nordic cooperation in terms of conferences and journals as well as the role of computers in social life and in politics.Paper topics include, among many others, themes such as the pioneering era in Norwegian scientific computing (1948 - 1962), the role of IBM in starting up computing in the Nordic countries, computers and politics, and Algol-Genius as an early success for high level language. Other topics include the birth of Simula, the Scandinavian school of information systems development, and the role of women in the pioneering years of Nordic computing.This book is indispensable for teachers in computing in that it gives them an extended perspective on the topics they are teaching. It is also valuable for those interested in and working with historical analyses of Nordic computing. It contains original contributions from many pioneers of Nordic computing. These contributions form an excellent beginning to further historical investigations and analyses. The book also contains articles written by computer historians that make significant conclusions about decisions made regarding development of a computing industry in the Nordic countries.Janis Bubenko, Jr. is professor emeritus of computer and systems science at the Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Sweden. John Impagliazzo is professor of computer science at Hofstra University in New York. Arne Sølvberg is professor of computer and information science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

This book offers a modern updated review on the most important activities in today dynamical systems and statistical mechanics by some of the best experts in the domain. It gives a contemporary and pedagogical view on theories of classical and quantum chaos and complexity in hamiltonian and ergodic systems and their applications to anomalous transport in fluids, plasmas, oceans and atom-optic devices and to control of chaotic transport. The book is issued from lecture notes of the International Summer School on "Chaotic Dynamics and Transport in Classical and Quantum Systems" held in Cargèse (Corsica) 18th to the 30th August 2003. It reflects the spirit of the School to provide lectures at the post-doctoral level on basic concepts and tools. The first part concerns ergodicity and mixing, complexity and entropy functions, SRB measures, fractal dimensions and bifurcations in hamiltonian systems. Then, models of dynamical evolutions of transport processes in classical and quantum systems have been largely explained. The second part concerns transport in fluids, plasmas and reacting media. On the other hand, new experiments of cold optically trapped atoms and electrodynamics cavity have been thoroughly presented. Finally, several papers bear on synchronism and control of chaos. The target audience of the proceedings are physicists, mathematicians and all scientists involved in Chaos and Dynamical Systems Theory and their fundamental applications in Physics and in the Science of Complex and Nonlinear phenomena.

This book claims to bridge the gap between undergrad book and Jackson's. But I do not find it achieved the goal. It contains some good sections and I use it only as a secondary book. I still have to use Jackson's as my primary source. But that is not to say I like Jackon's. I hate it like a lot of people do, but I do not find a better alternative. Electrodynmics is the only area that I have not found a very good grad level text book for self study. I am only studying the low frequency part. My interest is not in waves. So, my comments only apply to that part.

This book offers a modern updated review on the most important activities in today dynamical systems and statistical mechanics by some of the best experts in the domain. It gives a contemporary and pedagogical view on theories of classical and quantum chaos and complexity in hamiltonian and ergodic systems and their applications to anomalous transport in fluids, plasmas, oceans and atom-optic devices and to control of chaotic transport. The book is issued from lecture notes of the International Summer School on "Chaotic Dynamics and Transport in Classical and Quantum Systems" held in Cargèse (Corsica) 18th to the 30th August 2003. It reflects the spirit of the School to provide lectures at the post-doctoral level on basic concepts and tools. The first part concerns ergodicity and mixing, complexity and entropy functions, SRB measures, fractal dimensions and bifurcations in hamiltonian systems. Then, models of dynamical evolutions of transport processes in classical and quantum systems have been largely explained. The second part concerns transport in fluids, plasmas and reacting media. On the other hand, new experiments of cold optically trapped atoms and electrodynamics cavity have been thoroughly presented. Finally, several papers bear on synchronism and control of chaos. The target audience of the proceedings are physicists, mathematicians and all scientists involved in Chaos and Dynamical Systems Theory and their fundamental applications in Physics and in the Science of Complex and Nonlinear phenomena.

<p>This monograph sets forth a unified approach and principles for modeling hydrologic processes distributed in space and time using geographic information systems (GIS). The focus of this Second Edition is on the principles of how to implement a distributed model using geospatial data to simulate hydrologic processes. Once we embark on fully distributed representations of hydrologic processes, conservation laws form the basis for modeling, and spatial data management becomes necessary. A physics-based approach involves the laws that govern the complexities of all the paths that water travels, from precipitation falling over a river basin to the flow in the river.<br> Worldwide geospatial data has become readily available in GIS format. A modeling approach that can utilize this data for hydrology offers many possibilities. GIS data formats, spatial interpolation, and resolution have important effects on hydrologic simulation of the major hydrologic components of a watershed. Examples are provided that illustrate how to represent a watershed with spatially distributed data along with the many pitfalls inherent in such an undertaking. Since the First Edition, software development and applications have created a richer set of examples, and a deeper understanding of how to perform distributed hydrologic analysis and prediction. This Second Edition is oriented towards a commercially available distributed model called VfloTM.</p>

This Book Is A Self Contained Course In Electromagnetic Theory Suitable For Senior Physics And Electrical Engineering Students As Well As Graduate Students Whose Past Has Not Prepared Them Well For Books Such As Jackson Or Landau And Lifschitz. The Text Is Liberally Sprinkled With Worked Examples Illustrating The Application Of The Theory To Various Physical Problems. In This New Edition I Have Endeavored To Improve The Accuracy And Readability, Added And Further Clarified Examples, Added Sections On Schwarz-christoffel Mappings, And To Make The Book More Self Sufficient Added An Appendix On Orthogonal Function Expansions And Added The Derivation Of Bessel Functions And Legendre Polynomials As Well As Derivation Of Their Generating Functions. The Number Of Student Exercises Has Been Increased By 45 Over The Previous Edition. This Book Stresses The Unity Of Electromagnetic Theory With Electric And Magnetic Fields Developed In Parallel. Si Units Are Used Throughout And Considerable Use Is Made Of Tensor Notation And The Levi-cevita Symbol. To More Closely Display The Parallelism, Extensive Use Is Made Of The Scalar Magnetic Potential Particularly In Dealing With The Laplace And Poisson Equation. 85 Worked Problems Illustrate The Theory. Conformal Mappings Are Dealt With In Some Detail. Relevant Mathematical Material Is Provided In Appendices. For Information Regarding Solutions Manual, Please Contact The Author Jack Vanderlinde At: Jvd@unb.ca Or See Website Www.unb.ca/fredericton/science/physics/jvdl. Static Electric And Magnetic Fields In Vacuum -- Charge And Current Distributions -- Slowly Varying Fields In Vacuum -- Energy And Momentum -- Static Potentials In Vacuum — Laplace’s Equation -- Static Potentials With Sources—poisson’s Equation -- Static Electromagnetic Fields In Matter -- Time-dependent Electromagnetic Fields In Matter -- Waveguide Propagation—bounded Waves -- Electromagnetic Radiation -- The Covariant Formulation -- Radiation Reaction-electrodynamics. By Jack Vanderlinde. Series Numbering From List In V. 156. Includes Index. Previous Ed.: New York : Wiley, 1993. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

All students and advocates of human rights will be interested in this concerted exploration of the human rights moral obligations that fall, not directly on states, but on private and public organisations. Such an approach to human rights opens up the possibility of holding corporations and bureaucracies to account for human rights violations even when they have acted in accordance with the law. This interdisciplinary and international project brings together eminent philosophers, lawyers, social scientists and practitioners to articulate theoretically and develop in practical contexts the moral implications of human rights for non-state actors. What emerges from the book as a whole is a distinctive contemporary vision of the emerging moral impact of human rights and its significance for organisational behaviour and performance. Erscheinungsdatum: 27.07.2004

The text of the first volume of the book covers the major topics in ring and module theory and includes both fundamental classical results and more recent developments. The basic tools of investigation are methods from the theory of modules, which allow a very simple and clear approach both to classical and new results. An unusual main feature of this book is the use of the technique of quivers for studying the structure of rings. A considerable part of the first volume of the book is devoted to a study of special classes of rings and algebras, such as serial rings, hereditary rings, semidistributive rings and tiled orders. Many results of this text until now have been available in journal articles only. This book is aimed at graduate and post-graduate students and for all mathematicians who use algebraic techniques in their work. This is a self-contained book which is intended to be a modern textbook on the structure theory of associative rings and algebras and is suitable for independent study.

All students and advocates of human rights will be interested in this concerted exploration of the human rights moral obligations that fall, not directly on states, but on private and public organisations. Such an approach to human rights opens up the possibility of holding corporations and bureaucracies to account for human rights violations even when they have acted in accordance with the law. This interdisciplinary and international project brings together eminent philosophers, lawyers, social scientists and practitioners to articulate theoretically and develop in practical contexts the moral implications of human rights for non-state actors. What emerges from the book as a whole is a distinctive contemporary vision of the emerging moral impact of human rights and its significance for organisational behaviour and performance. Erscheinungsdatum: 27.07.2004

<p><P>A compendium of novel information on molecular-scale science and the application of nanocarbon, nanosilicon and biopolymer integrated nanosystems. <p>During the 20th century, molecular-scale science and nanotechnology developed rapidly, leading to the construction of innovative materials - nanosystens from molecules (fullerenes), supramolecules (nanotubes, peapods, polymers, biopolymers (DNA, protein and their complexes) and semiconductor nanoparticles (nano-Si, SiOx, Si/SiGe dots, metal nanowires). This book presents exciting new developments of the early 21st century. Significant progress has been made in nanotechnology of building blocks for integrated nanosystems, single and assembled molecules, nanoparticles characterisation, and multifunctional applications of nanosystems. <p>The realisation and the application of novel multifunctional nanosystems in electronics, optics, biomedicine (nano-bioelectronic devices based on DNA and proteins, silicon nanocrystal memory devices, monolithically integrated silicon photonics, nanocapsules, biosensor nanosystems) are described by well known experts. <p>This multi-disciplinary, scientific display of cutting-edge research across the entire spectrum of nanoscience and nanotechnology of inorganic, and organic systems, as well as systems for electronics photonics, and spintronics demonstrates that researching nanocarbon, nanosilicon, biomolecular integrated nanosystems, and developing their new applications, is a complex and exiting topic that will continue to attract scientists and engineers for many years to come.</p>

This book is on digital system design for programmable devices, such as FPGAs, CPLDs, and PALs. A designer wanting to design with programmable devices must understand digital system design at the RT (Register Transfer) level, circuitry and programming of programmable devices, digital design methodologies, use of hardware description languages in design, design tools and environments; and finally, such a designer must be familiar with one or several digital design tools and environments. Books on these topics are many, and they cover individual design topics with very general approaches. The number of books a designer needs to gather the necessary information for a practical knowledge of design with field programmable devices can easily reach five or six, much of which is on theoretical concepts that are not directly applicable to RT level design with programmable devices. The focus of this book is on a practical knowledge of digital system design for programmable devices. The book covers all necessary topics under one cover, and covers each topic just enough that is actually used by an advanced digital designer. In the three parts of the book, we cover digital system design concepts, use of tools, and systematic design of digital systems. In the first chapter, design methodologies, use of simulation and synthesis tools and programming programmable devices are discussed. Based on this automated design methodology, the next four chapters present the necessary background for logic design, the Verilog language, programmable devices, and computer architectures. Erscheinungsdatum: 01.05.2004

<p>Uniquely, Hormonal Carcinogeneis IV, integrates salient aspects of hormone-related cancers of interest to epidemiologists, basic researchers, and clinicians. The most recent advances in the major hormone-related cancers are presented by leaders of their specialty. The chapters in this volume deal with the causation, dependence, and resistance of endocrine-related cancer with particular emphasis on the most common neoplasms occuring in men and women world wide, such as breast, prostate, uterine and ovarian cancers.</p>

This Handbook Brings Together The Theoretical Basics Of Fluid Dynamics With A Systemaic Overview Of The Appropriate Numerical And Computational Methods For Solving The Problems Presented In The Book. Also, Effective Codes For A Majority Of The Examples Are Included. Audience This Volume Is Suitable For Scientists, Students And Researchers Involved In Computational Fluid Dynamics And Numerical Methods. To Mechanics Of Continua -- Dynamics Of Inviscid Fluids -- Viscous Incompressible Fluid Dynamics -- To Numberical Solutions For Ordinary And Partial Differential Equations -- Finite-difference Methods -- Finite Element And Boundary Element Methods -- The Finite Volume Method And The Generalized Difference Method -- Spectral Methods. By Titus Petrila, Damian Trif. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

This volume illustrates the contributions that modern techniques in simulation and modeling can make to materials chemistry research and the level of accuracy achievable. While new developments in simulation and modeling are discussed to some extent, the major emphasis is on applications to materials chemistry including in areas of surface chemistry, solid state chemistry, polymer chemistry and nanoscience. The phenomenal improvement in both theoretical methods and computer technology have made it possible for computational chemistry to achieve a new level of chemical accuracy that is providing significant insight into the effect of chemical reactivity on the behavior of materials and helping to design new materials. __Audience:__ Researchers, teachers, and students in chemistry and physics.