Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers
A WORLD OF COMPUTERS
WHAT IS A COMPUTER
Data and Information
Information Processing Cycle
THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Input Devices
Output Devices
System Unit
Storage Devices
Communication Devices
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS
Advantages of Using Computers
Disadvantages of Using Computers
NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
System Software
Application Software
Installing and Running Programs
Software Development
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Desktop Computers
MOBILE COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES
Notebook Computers
Mobile Devices
GAME CONSOLES
SERVERS
MAINFRAMES
SUPERCOMPUTERS
EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER USAGE
Home User
Small Office/Home Office User
Mobile User
Power User
Enterprise User
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SOCIETY
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Apple
Amazon
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Bill Gates
Tom Anderson
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
Special Feature: Timeline
CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide Web
THE INTERNET
Connecting to the Internet
Access Providers
How Data and Information Travel the Internet
Internet Addresses
THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Browsing the Web
Web Addresses
Navigating Web Pages
Searching the Web
Types of Web Sites
Evaluating a Web Site
Multimedia on the Web
Web Publishing
E-Commerce
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
E-Mail
Mailing Lists
Instant Messaging
Chat Rooms
VoIP
FTP
Newsgroups and Message Boards
NETIQUETTE
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Google
eBay
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Tim Berners-Lee
Mark Zuckerberg
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
Special Feature: Making Use of the Web
CHAPTER 3 Application Software
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
The Role of System Software
Working with Application Software
BUSINESS SOFTWARE
Word Processing Software
Developing a Document
Spreadsheet Software
Database Software
Presentation Software
Note Taking Software
Business Software Suite
Project Management Software
Personal Information Manager Software
Business Software for Phones
Accounting Software
Document Management Software
Enterprise Computing Software
GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Computer-Aided Design
Desktop Publishing Software (for the Professional)
Paint/Image Editing Software (for the Professional)
Video and Audio Editing Software (for the Professional)
Multimedia Authoring Software
Web Page Authoring Software
SOFTWARE FOR HOME, PERSONAL, AND EDUCATIONAL USE
Personal Finance Software
Legal Software
Tax Preparation Software
Desktop Publishing Software (for Personal Use)
Paint/Image Editing Software (for Personal Use)
Clip Art/Image Gallery
Video and Audio Editing Software (for Personal Use)
Home Design/Landscaping Software
Travel and Mapping Software
Reference and Educational Software
Entertainment Software
WEB APPLICATIONS
APPLICATION SOFTWARE FOR COMMUNICATIONS
LEARNING TOOLS FOR APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Web-Based Training
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Adobe Systems
Microsoft
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Dan Bricklin
Masayoshi Son
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
Special Feature: Digital Communications
CHAPTER 4 The Components of the System Unit
THE SYSTEM UNIT
The Motherboard
PROCESSOR
The Control Unit
The Arithmetic Logic Unit
Machine Cycle
The System Clock
Comparison of Personal Computer Processors
DATA REPRESENTATION
MEMORY
Bytes and Addressable Memory
Memory Sizes
Types of Memory
RAM
Cache
ROM
Flash Memory
CMOS
Memory Access Times
EXPANSION SLOTS AND ADAPTER CARDS
Removable Flash Memory
PORTS AND CONNECTORS
USB Ports
FireWire Ports
Other Ports
Port Replicators and Docking Stations
BUSES
BAYS
POWER SUPPLY
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
KEEPING YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE CLEAN
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
NVIDIA
Intel
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Jack Kilby
Gordon Moore
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
CHAPTER 5 Input and Output
WHAT IS INPUT
KEYBOARD AND POINTING DEVICES
The Keyboard
Mouse
Trackball
Touchpad
Pointing Stick
TOUCH SCREENS AND TOUCH-SENSITIVE PADS
Touch-Sensitive Pads
PEN INPUT
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
Other Input for Smart Phones
Game Controllers
Digital Cameras
Voice Input
Video Input
Scanners and Reading Devices
Biometric Input
Terminals
WHAT IS OUTPUT
DISPLAY DEVICES
LCD Monitors and LCD Screens
Plasma Monitors
CRT Monitors
PRINTERS
Producing Printed Output
Nonimpact Printers
Ink-Jet Printers
Photo Printers
Laser Printers
Multifunction Peripherals
Thermal Printers
Mobile Printers
Plotters and Large-Format Printers
Impact Printers
OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES
Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds
Data Projectors
Interactive Whiteboards
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED USERS
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Logitech
HP
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Douglas Engelbart
Ursula Burns
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
Special Feature: Digital Video Technology
CHAPTER 6 Storage
STORAGE
HARD DISKS
Characteristics of a Hard Disk
RAID
NAS
External and Removable Hard Disks
Miniature Hard Disks
Hard Disk Controllers
Maintaining Data Stored on a Hard Disk
FLASH MEMORY STORAGE
Solid State Drives
Memory Cards
USB Flash Drives
ExpressCard Modules
CLOUD STORAGE
OPTICAL DISCS
CDs
DVDs and Blu-ray Discs
OTHER TYPES OF STORAGE
Tape
Magnetic Stripe Cards and Smart Cards
Microfilm and Microfiche
Enterprise Storage
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Seagate Technology
SanDisk Corporation
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Al Shugart
Mark Dean
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
CHAPTER 7 Operating Systems and Utility Programs
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEMS
OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Starting and Shutting Down a Computer
Providing a User Interface
Managing Programs
Managing Memory
Coordinating Tasks
Configuring Devices
Establishing an Internet Connection
Monitoring Performance
Providing File Management and Other Utilities
Updating Software Automatically
Controlling a Network
Administering Security
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows 7
Mac OS X
Unix
Linux
SERVER OPERATING SYSTEMS
EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS
UTILITY PROGRAMS
File Manager
Search Utility
Uninstaller
Image Viewer
Disk Cleanup
Disk Defragmenter
Backup and Restore Utilities
Screen Saver
Personal Firewall
Antivirus Programs
Spyware and Adware Removers
Internet Filters
File Compression
Media Player
Disc Burning
Personal Computer Maintenance
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Verisign
Research in Motion (RIM)
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Steve Wozniak
Linus Torvalds
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
Special Feature: Buyer’s Guide: How To Purchase Computers and Mobile Devices
CHAPTER 8 Communications and Networks
COMMUNICATIONS
USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
Blogs, Chat Rooms, E-Mail, Fax, FTP, Instant Messaging, Internet, Newsgroups, RSS, Video Conferencing, VolP, Web, Web 2.0, Web Folders, and Wikis
Wireless Messaging Services
Wireless Internet Access Points
Cybercafés
Global Positioning Systems
Collaboration
Groupware
Voice Mail
Web Services
NETWORKS
LANs, MANs, and WANs
Network Architectures
Network Topologies
Intranets
Network Communications Standards
COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE
COMMUNICATIONS OVER THE TELEPHONE NETWORK
Dial-Up Lines
Dedicated Lines
COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
Dial-Up Modems
Digital Modems: ISDN, DSL, and Cable
Wireless Modems
Network Cards
Wireless Access Points
Routers
HOME NETWORKS
Wired Home Networks
Wireless Home Networks
COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL
PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Infrared
Broadcast Radio
Cellular Radio
Microwaves
Communications Satellite
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Cisco Systems
Verizon
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Robert Metcalfe
Patricia Russo
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
CHAPTER 9 Database Management
DATABASES, DATA, AND INFORMATION
Data Integrity
Qualities of Valuable Information
THE HIERARCHY OF DATA
Characters
Fields
Records
Files
MAINTAINING DATA
Adding Records
Modifying Records
Deleting Records
Validating Data
FILE PROCESSING VERSUS DATABASES
File Processing Systems
The Database Approach
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Data Dictionary
File Retrieval and Maintenance
Data Security
Backup and Recovery
RELATIONAL, OBJECT-ORIENTED, AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATABASES
Relational Databases
Object-Oriented Databases
Multidimensional Databases
WEB DATABASES
DATABASE ADMINISTRATION
Database Design Guidelines
Role of the Database Anaylsts and Administrators
Role of the Employee as a User
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Oracle
Sybase
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
E. F. Codd
Larry Ellison
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
CHAPTER 10 Computer Security and Safety, Ethics, and Privacy
COMPUTER SECURITY RISKS
INTERNET AND NETWORK ATTACKS
Computer Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses , and Rootkits
Safeguards against Computer Viruses and Other Malware
Botnets
Denial of Service Attacks
Back Doors
Spoofing
Safeguards against Botnets, DoS Attacks, Back Doors, and Spoofing
Firewalls
Intrusion Detection Software
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS AND USE
Safeguards against Unauthorized Access and Use
Identifying and Authenticating Users
Digital Forensics
HARDWARE THEFT AND VANDALISM
Safeguards against Hardware Theft and Vandalism
SOFTWARE THEFT
Safeguards against Software Theft
INFORMATION THEFT
Safeguards against Information Theft
Encryption
SYSTEM FAILURE
Safeguards against System Failure
BACKING UP — THE ULTIMATE SAFEGUARD
WIRELESS SECURITY
HEALTH CONCERNS OF COMPUTER USE
Computers and Health Risks
Ergonomics and Workplace Design
Computer Addiction
ETHICS AND SOCIETY
Information Accuracy
Intellectual Property Rights
Green Computing
INFORMATION PRIVACY
Electronic Profiles
Cookies
Spyware and Adware
Spam
Phishing
Social Engineering
Privacy Laws
Employee Monitoring
Content Filtering
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
McAfee
Symantec
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Richard Stallman
Gene Spafford
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
CHAPTER 11 Information System Development and Programming Languages
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Who Participates in System Development
Project Management
Feasibility Assessment
Documentation
Data and Information Gathering Techniques
What Initiates System Development
Horizon Community College — A Case Study
Planning Phase
Planning at Horizon Community College
Analysis Phase
Preliminary Investigation at Horizon Community College
Detailed Analysis at Horizon Community College
Design Phase
Hardware Acquisition at Horizon Community College
Detailed Design at Horizon Community College
Implementation Phase
Implementation at Horizon Community College
Operation, Support, and Security Phase
Operation, Support, and Security at Horizon Community College
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
Low-Level Languages
Procedural Languages
Object-Oriented Programming Languages and Program Development Tools
Other Programming Languages and Development Tools
Web Page Development
Multimedia Program Development
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
What Initiates Program Development
Control Structures
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC)
Electronic Arts (EA)
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Ed Yourdon
James Gosling
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
CHAPTER 12 Enterprise Computing
WHAT IS ENTERPRISE COMPUTING
Types of Enterprises
Organizational Structure of an Enterprise
Levels of Users in the Enterprise
How Managers Use Information
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE ENTERPRISE
Information Systems within Functional Units
General Purpose Information Systems
Integrated Information Systems
ENTERPRISE-WIDE TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODOLOGIES
Portals
Communications
Data Warehouses
Extranets
Web Services
Workflow
Virtual Private Network
VIRTUALIZATION AND CLOUD COMPUTING
Virtualization
Cloud and Grid Computing
E-COMMERCE
ENTERPRISE HARDWARE
RAID
Network Attached Storage and Storage Area Networks
Enterprise Storage Systems
Blade Servers
HIGH AVAILABILITY SCALABILITY, AND INTEROPERABILITY
High-Availability Systems
Scalability
Interoperability
BACKUP PROCEDURES
Disaster Recovery Plan
CHAPTER SUMMARY
COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
EMC
IBM
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
Chad Hurley
Anita Borg
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Checkpoint
Problem Solving
Learn How To
Learn It Online
Web Research
Special Feature: Living Digitally
APPENDIX A: QUIZ YOURSELF ANSWERS
INDEX
CREDITS
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