Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Preface 8 Acknowledgements 9 1 Introduction 10 2 Urban development in England and Wales in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 44 3 English pre-industrial urban economies 72 4 Household size and structure in early-Stuart Cambridge 83 5 Social problems in Elizabethan London 130 6 Change and stability in seventeenth-century London 148 7 Residential patterns in pre-industrial cities: Some case studies from seventeenth-century Britain 175 8 Civic mentality and the environment in Tudor York 215 9 'The Ramoth-Gilead of the Good': Urban change and political radicalism at Gloucester 1540-1640 253 10 Newcastle and the nation: The seventeenth-century experience 283 11 The corporate town and the English State: Bristol's 'little businesses' 1625-1641 306 Index 343

Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Dedication 9 Preface 10 1. Introduction 12 Part 1: Popular Masking 25 2. Early Masking 27 3. Carnival 63 4. Mumming 93 Part 2: Courtly Masking 112 5. Tournaments 114 6. Disguisings 139 7. Courtly Mumming 162 8. Amorous Masking 180 Part 3: Theatrical Masking 200 9. Mystery Plays 202 10. Morality Plays 244 Part 4: Theory and Practice 289 11. Ideas and Theories of Masking 291 12. Materials and Methods of Mask-making 322 13. Terminology 338 Illustrations 356 Bibliography 359 Index 391

Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Figures 8 List of Contributors 10 Acknowledgements 14 Introduction: Introducing Machiavelli in Tudor andStuart England 16 1 Reginald Pole and the Reception of the Principe in Henrician England 28 2 Stolen Words to Train a Boy King:William Thomas Translates Machiavelli 44 3 Machiavelli in The Quintesence of Wit and his English Military Readers 60 4 Sir Walter Raleigh’s Machiavelli 74 5 Machiavellianism in Christopher Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta 90 6 When Pretence Rules over Essence: Shakespeare’s Bastard in King John 104 7 Henry V and the Just War: Shakespeare, Gentili and Machiavelli 118 8 Republicanism and Religious Dissent: Machiavelli and the Italian Protestant Reformers 136 9 From Machiavellian Policy to Parliamentary Reason of State 156 10 Order, Conflict and Liberty: Machiavellianism in English Political Thought, 1649–1660 172 11 Machiavelli’s Discorsi and Hobbes’s Leviathan: Religion as Ideology 188 Epilogue: Was England Different? 200 Bibliography 204 Index 214 Literary and Political Influences from the Reformation to the Restoration

Humanities BOOK COVER 1 HALF-TITLE 2 TITLE 4 COPYRIGHT 5 CONTENTS 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 1 THE PERSONAL ELEMENT IN TUDOR MONARCHY 10 BACKGROUND NARRATIVE 10 ANALYSIS (1): HOW IMPORTANT, AND HOW SUCCESSFUL, WAS THE ELEMENT OF FEAR IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ROYAL AUTHORITY UNDER HENRY VII? 12 Questions 16 ANALYSIS (2): DID EITHER SOMERSET OR NORTHUMBERLAND (15 ) SUCCEED IN SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF EFFECTIVE ROYAL GOVERNMENT… 16 Questions 20 SOURCES 20 1. HENRY VII’S USE OF BONDS AND RECOGNISANCES 20 Source A: from Polydore Vergil’s Anglica Historia, published in 1534 20 Source B: from Francis Bacon’s History of the Reign of Henry VII, published in 1622. 20 Source C: part of the recognisance made between the King and Lord Burgavenny in December 1507. 21 Source D: from the confession and petition of Edmund Dudley, composed in the Tower of London before his execution, 1509. 21 Source E: from a report made to the Duke of Milan, July 1496. 22 Source F: from the eulogy delivered by Sir Thomas More upon the coronation of Henry VIII, 1509. 22 Questions 22 Worked answer 23 SOURCES 24 2. THE QUESTION OF LEGITIMATE ROYAL AUTHORITY, 1546–53 24 Source G: part of the last will of Henry VIII, 30 December 1546. 24 Source H: part of Edward VI’s Letters Patent for the Limitation of the Crown, June 1553. 24 Source I: part of an eye-witness account written by Baptista Spinola, a Genoese merchant in London, in July 1553. 25 Source J: part of a letter written by Elizabeth to the Duke of Northumberland, July 1553. 25 Source K: part of the letter written by the Privy Council to Mary in reply to her claim to the throne upon the death of Edward VI, 9 July 1553. 25 Source L: part of An Act Declaring Queen Mary Legitimate, 1553. 26 Questions 26 Worked answer 26 2 COURT AND PATRONAGE 28 BACKGROUND NARRATIVE 28 ANALYSIS (1): HOW DID THOMAS WOLSEY MAINTAIN HIS PRE-EMINENT POSITION IN ENGLISH POLITICS FOR SO LONG? 30 Questions 33 ANALYSIS (2): WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF ELIZABETH’S REIGN UPON COURT POLITICS AND PATRONAGE? 34 Questions 37 SOURCES 37 1. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THOMAS WOLSEY AND HENRY VIII 37 Source A: from the biography of Thomas Wolsey, written by his gentleman-usher, George Cavendish. In this extract Cavendish describes the reasons for… 37 Source B: an extract from Anglica Historia, an account of the reign by the Italian humanist Polydorc Vergil. He was a persistent enemy… 38 Source C: from one of the many satircs that John Skelton wrote against Wolsey. Skelton, a client and protégé of the Duke of Norfolk, wonders at... 38 Source D: from a letter written by the Venetian ambassador to the Venetian Senate, 1519. 39 Source E: part of a letter written by Henry VIII to Wolsey, probably in 1520. 39 Source F: Cavendish's report of a conversation between Wolsey and Sir William Kingdom, at the time of Wolsey's arrest in 1529. 39 Questions 40 Worked answer 40 SOURCES 41 2. ELIZABETH’S STYLE IN COURT AND GOVERNMENT 41 Source G: from Sir Robert Naunton’s Fragmenta Regalia, published in 1641. 41 Source H: part of a letter from Sir Thomas Smith to Lord Burghley, March 1575. 42 Source I: from an account of the English court written by Paul Hentzer, a Silesian who visited England in 1598. 42 Source J: part of a letter from Sir Christopher Hatton to Elizabeth, written while he was away from Court on a diplomatic mission, 5 June 1573. 43 Source K: part of a memoir written by Geoffrey Goodman, a law student, December 1588. 43 Questions 43 Worked answer 44 3 THE CENTRAL ORGANS AND OFFICES OF GOVERNMENT 46 BACKGROUND NARRATIVE 46 ANALYSIS (1): WHAT WAS THE IMPORTANCE AND EXTENT OF THOMAS CROMWELL’S WORK ON THE RESTRUCTURING OF TUDOR GOVERNMENT? 47 Questions 50 ANALYSIS (2): HOW WELL WAS MARY TUDOR SERVED BY HER COUNCILLORS? 51 Questions 54 SOURCES 55 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POST OF KING’S SECRETARY 55 Source A: from a letter from Richard Pace, the King’s Secretary, to Cardinal Wolsey, written in 1518. 55 Source B: from a letter from Richard Pace, King's Secretary, to Cardinal Wolsey, 29 October 1521. Pace is replying to a complaint from Wolsey… 55 Source C: from a letter by Eustace Chapuys, the Imperial ambassador, to the Imperial Chancellor, Granvelle, 1535 55 Source D: from a letter to Thomas Cromwell from Sir Richard Grenville, writing from Cornwall, July 1539. 56 Source E: part of the royal warrant for the appointment of two Principal Secretaries, 1540. 56 Questions 57 Worked answer 57 SOURCES 58 2. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REALM UNDER MARY TUDOR 58 Source F: part of a petition submitted to Marry by Lord Paget and the Earl of Arundel at Framlingham, July 1553. 58 Source G: from a report by Giovanni Michieli, Venetian ambassador, to the Venetian Senate, 1555. 58 Source H: extracts from letter written by the Imperial ambassador Simon Renard, to the Emperor Charles V. 58 Source I: notes on the meeting of the Privy Council on 23 Feburary 1554, at which the Council appointed members to… 59 Questions 60 Worked answer 60 4 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT 62 BACKGROUND NARRATIVE 62 ANALYSIS (1): HOW EFFECTIVELY DID THOMAS WOLSEY FULFIL HIS DUTIES AS LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND? 64 Questions 67 ANALYSIS (2): WAS ENGLAND A MORE LAW-ABIDING COUNTRY AT THE END OF ELIZABETH’S REIGN THAN AT THE BEGINNING? 67 Questions 70 SOURCES 71 1. WOLSEY’S EFFECTIVENESS IN THE LAW COURTS 71 Source A: an entry in the Chronicle of Edward Hall, dated 1516. 71 Source B: two verses about Wolsey by the satirical poet John Skelton. The first is from Colin Clout, published… 71 Source C: letter from Thomas Wolsey to the King, written in 1517 or 1518. 72 Source D: from a letter to Wolsey from the Bishop of Lincoln, 30 September 1528. 72 Source E: from a report by Sebastian Giustiani, Venetian ambassador, written in 1519. 72 Source F: from Polydorc Vergil's Anglica Historia. This extract only appeared in the third edition of the work, published in 1555. 73 Questions 73 Worked answer 73 SOURCES 75 2. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELIZABETHAN JUSTICES OF THE PEACE IN LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT 75 Source G: from Sir Thomas Smith's treatisc on English government, De Republica Anglorum, writteh in 1583 75 Source H: two pieces written by William Lambardc, a Kent JP, and author of Eireuarcha, a guide to the office of JP. 75 From a speech made at the Kent Quarter Sessions in 1586. 75 From an address delivered at Maidstone, 17 January 1594. 76 Source I: part of a letter written to Lord Burghley by Edward Hext, a Justice of the Peace in Somerset, 25 September 1596. 76 Source J: from a letter written by Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York, to Lord Burghley, 1587. 77 Questions 77 Worked answer 77 5 THE GOVERNMENT OF THE LOCALITIES 80 BACKGROUND NARRATIVE 80 ANALYSIS (1): HOW EFFECTIVELY WAS THE ENGLISH CROWN ABLE TO GOVERN IRELAND IN THE REIGNS OF THE FIRST TWO TUDORS? 82 Questions 86 ANALYSIS (2): WITH WHAT SUCCESS DID TUDOR GOVERNMENTS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY… 87 Questions 90 SOURCES 91 1. HENRY VII AND THE EARL OF KILDARE 91 Source A: part of the instructions given to John Estrete, who travelled to Ireland in 1486 to persuade the Earl of Kildare to travel to England to… 91 Source B: entries in the Calendar of Carew for 1487. These are entitled ‘Lambert, a boy, an organ maker’s son, crowned in… 91 Source C: part of a letter from the ‘Lords of Ireland’ to Henry VII, concerning Henry’s request that Kildare should… 91 Source D: part of a letter from the Earl of Kildare to the Earl of Ormond, in which Kildare complains… 92 Source E: an extract from The Book of Howth. It deals with the Earl of Kildare’s summons to London in August 1496 to answer charges relating to his… 92 Source F: an extract from the Irish chronicle, Annals of the Four Masters, describing a campaign against Irish chieftains… 93 Questions 93 Worked answer 94 SOURCES 95 2. THE ELIZABETHAN POOR LAWS 95 Source G: from an Act for the Relief of the Poor, 1563, the first Elizabethan Poor Law. 95 Source H: from an Act for the Punishment of Vagabonds and for the Relief of the Poor and Impotent, 1572, the second Elizabethan Poor Law. 96 Source I: from an Act for the Setting of the Poor on Work, 1576, the third Elizabethan Poor Law. 96 Source J: from an Act for the Relief of the Poor, the Poor Law of 1601. 97 Source K: part of a census on poor relief conducted in Sheffield, January 1615. 97 Questions 97 Worked answer 98 6 THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENT 100 BACKGROUND NARRATIVE 100 ANALYSIS (1): WHAT ROLE DID PARLIAMENT PLAY DURING THE REIGNS OF THE FIRST TWO TUDORS? 101 Questions 104 ANALYSIS (2): DID THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF PARLIAMENT WITHIN THE GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM CHANGE… 105 Questions 109 SOURCES 109 1. THE AUTHORITY OF PARLIAMENTARY STATUTE 109 Source A: from Christopher St German, A Dialogue Betwixt a Doctor of Divinity and a Student in the Laws of England, 1530. 109 Sir Thomas More speaking at his trial in 1534, as reported by William Roper in his Life of Sir Thomas More. 109 Source C: the Pilgrimage of Grace. 110 From the interrogation of Robert Aske in the aftermath of the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536. 110 Part of Henry VIII’s answer to the demands put forward by the rebels involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace, November 1536. 110 Source D: part of a letter from Simon Renard to Charles V in which the ambassador recounts a conversation with Lord Paget on the subject of the succession in the… 110 Source E: from Sir Thomas Smith, De Republica Anglorum, 1565. 111 Questions 111 Worked answer 112 SOURCES 112 2. PREROGATIVE AND PRIVILEGE IN ELIZABETH’S PARLIAMENTS 112 Source F: from the Lord Keeper's speech in reply to the Speaker's petitions for the customary libertics and privileges of the House of Commons, January 1559. 112 Source G: from the Lord Keeper’s speech at the opening of Parliament, 1592. 113 Source H: from Paul Wentworth’s Questions on Privilege, November 1566. 113 Source I: account from the Journal of the House of Commons of a speech by Peter Wentworth in the Parliament of 1576. 113 Source J: from the Journal of All the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, describing incidents in the Parliament of 1587. 114 Questions 114 Worked answer 115 7 GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH 116 SOURCES 125 1. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CROWN AND THE CHURCH 125 Source A: from a bull of Pope Innocent VIII for publication in the Province of Canterbury, 1490. 125 Source B: an extract from The Great Chronicle of Londan describing trials held in the aftermath of the Stanley Conspiracy in 1495. 126 Source C: from a letter written by the Milancse ambassador in England to Ludovico Sforza, ruler of Milan, September 1497. 126 Source D: from the records of the Convocation of Canterbury, January-February 1489. 127 Source E: part of a speach delivered by Henry VIII at Baynard's Castle in London, in 1515. In the speach, Henry refuses to refer… 127 Source F: from the oath of fealty taken by Charles Booth upon his enthronement as Bishop of Hereford, April 1516. 127 Source G: from the Act in Restraint of Appeals, 1533. 128 Questions 128 Worked answer 128 SOURCES 129 2. THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE ELIZABETHAN RELIGIOUS SETTLEMENT 129 Source H: part of the Act of Uniformity, 1559. 129 Source K: from a report to the Privy Council on the state of religion in Lancashire and Cheshire, 1591. 130 Source I: from the confession of a participant in the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 1569, dated April 1570. 130 Source J: from a report by Bishop Barlow of Chichester on the state of religion in his diocese, 1569. 130 Source K: from a report to the Privy Council on the state of religion in Lancashire and Cheshire, 1591. 130 Source L: from a letter written by the Bishop of Peterborough to Lord Burghley, complaining of Protestant… 131 Source M: from a letter from Archbishop Grindal to the Queen on the subject of preaching and prophesyings, December 1576. 131 Source N: the Three Articles of Archbishop Whitgift, 1583. 132 Questions 132 Worked answer 132 8 FINANCE 134 BACKGROUND NARRATIVE 134 ANALYSIS (1): CAN EITHER WOLSEY OR CROMWELL BE SAID TO HAVE SOLVED THE FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE ENGLISH CROWN? 135 Questions 138 ANALYSIS (2): WERE THE FINANCES OF THE CROWN ANY HEALTHIER AT THE END OF ELIZABETH’S REIGN THAN AT THE BEGINNING? 138 Questions 142 SOURCES 142 1. HENRY VIII: FINANCING AN EXTRAVAGANT MONARCH 142 Source A: from Hall’s Chronicle. Hall’s account of proceedings in Parliament in 1523. 142 Source B: from Hall’s Chronicle. Hall’s account of popular reaction to the Amicable Grant of 1525. 142 Source C: part of a state paper prepared by Thomas Cromwell in 1534. In it he proposes measures for the seizure of church… 143 Source D: from an Act for the Dissolution of the Abbeys, May 1539. 144 Source E: from a letter written by Lord Chancellor Wriothesley to the Privy Council, September 1545. 144 Questions 144 Worked answer 145 SOURCES 146 2. TRYING TO BALANCE THE BOOKS IN THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH 146 Source F: from Sir Thomas Gresham’s advice to Elizabeth on the fall of exchanges, 1558. 146 Source G: part of a speech made by Sir Walter Mildmay to the House of Commons, 1576. 146 Source H: from the minutes of the parliamentary deliberations over taxation, 1593. 147 Source I: from a letter from the Council to Commissioners for the parliamentary subsidy, 26 July 1598. 148 Source J: summary of the government’s income and expenditure in 1600, from the Calendar of State papers Domestic, Elizabeth. 148 Questions 148 Worked answer 149 NOTES AND SOURCES 150 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 162 INDEX 164

The history of England: under the House of Tudor. ... By David Hume, Esq; In two volumes. ... [pt.1] / Hume, David, 1711-1776.

The history of England: under the House of Tudor. ... By David Hume, Esq; In two volumes. ... [pt.2] / Hume, David, 1711-1776.

The Supernatural in Tudor and Stuart England refl ects upon the boundaries between the natural and the otherworldly in early modern England as they were understood by the people of the time. The book places supernatural beliefs and events in the context of the English Reformation to show how early modern people reacted to the world of unseen spirits and magical infl uences. It sets out the conceptual foundations of early modern encounters with the supernatural and shows how occult beliefs penetrated almost every aspect of life. Darren Oldridge considers many of the spiritual forces that pervaded early modern England: an immanent God who sometimes expressed Himself through "signs and wonders", and the various lesser inhabitants of the world of spirits, including ghosts, goblins, demons and angels. He explores human attempts to comprehend, harness or accommodate these powers through magic and witchcraft, and the role of the supernatural in early modern science. This book presents a concise, accessible and up-to-date synthesis of the scholarship of the supernatural in Tudor and Stuart England. It will be essential reading for students of early modern England, religion, witchcraft and the supernatural.

Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 List of Illustrations 9 General Editors’ Preface 10 AcknowIedgements 11 1 English Society and Here begynneth: the Question of Good Governance in 1516 12 2 The Monastic Life and Here begynneth: the Ambivalence of the Monastic Vocation 27 3 Making the Translation During the Autumn and Winter of 1516 51 4 Here begynneth and the Early Modem Englishwoman 64 5 Three Epilogues: Fox, the Nuns and the Book 75 Editorial Notes 81 Here begynneth the Rule of seynt Benet: Richard Fox’s Translation of the Benedictine Rule for Women, 1517 92 Bibliography 177 Index 184 With an Edition of Richard Fox's Translation of the Benedictine Rule for Women, 1517

Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Figures 8 List of Contributors 10 Acknowledgements 14 Introduction: Introducing Machiavelli in Tudor andStuart England 16 1 Reginald Pole and the Reception of the Principe in Henrician England 28 2 Stolen Words to Train a Boy King:William Thomas Translates Machiavelli 44 3 Machiavelli in The Quintesence of Wit and his English Military Readers 60 4 Sir Walter Raleigh’s Machiavelli 74 5 Machiavellianism in Christopher Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta 90 6 When Pretence Rules over Essence: Shakespeare’s Bastard in King John 104 7 Henry V and the Just War: Shakespeare, Gentili and Machiavelli 118 8 Republicanism and Religious Dissent: Machiavelli and the Italian Protestant Reformers 136 9 From Machiavellian Policy to Parliamentary Reason of State 156 10 Order, Conflict and Liberty: Machiavellianism in English Political Thought, 1649–1660 172 11 Machiavelli’s Discorsi and Hobbes’s Leviathan: Religion as Ideology 188 Epilogue: Was England Different? 200 Bibliography 204 Index 214

<p>How did the Tudors enjoy themselves? For the men and women of Tudor England there was, just as there is today, more to life than work. 400 years before the invention of television and radio, they did not lead boring or mundane lives. Indeed, in many ways the richness of Tudor entertainment shames us. While continuing the medieval tradition of tournament and pageantry, the Tudors also increasingly read and attended the theater. Dancing and music were also popular, and were considered just as important as hunting and fighting for an ambitious Tudor&#8217;s social skills. Church festivals provided the perfect excuse for revelry, and christenings and weddings were, as they are today, great social occasions. Here, Alison Sim explores the full range of entertainments enjoyed at that time covering everything from card games and bear baiting to interior design.</p> <h3>Booknews</h3> <p>A costumed guide at Hampton Court Palace, Sim has written previously about Tudor England. Here she describes such activities as tournaments and pageants, reading, theater, music, dance, church festivals and the revelry that accompanied them, card games, bear-baiting, and sports. She also reviews the clothing and homes. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)</p>

Cover 1 Contents 6 Acknowledgments 12 Author’s notes 14 1. Losses, Lacunae and Liminality 16 Investigating the invisible 16 Historiography 18 The age of an infant 24 Primary sources: a dual approach 27 Archival sources 30 Literary sources 36 Secondary sources: the role of liminality 40 2. European and Medieval Contexts of Infanticide 52 Infanticide in medieval Europe 53 Infanticide in early modern Europe 57 Representations of infanticide in Europe 63 Infanticide in medieval England 66 Representations of infanticide in medieval England 70 3. The liminal child and mother 78 Beliefs and attitudes toward new lives 79 Death and the unwelcome infant 87 Killing and caring 92 Throwing 94 The liminal world of childbirth 99 Unmarried women and pregnancy 103 4. Love, Law and Liminality 114 The ‘betwixt and between’ of betrothal and marriage 115 Liminal marital states in literature 119 Bastard bearing, punishment and liminality 122 Social seclusion and separation 123 Literary death 126 The rituals of socially inclusive punishments 128 Self-imposed punishment and liminality 133 Avoiding the shame of pregnancy: ‘A dose of the Doctor’ 136 5. Constructing Outsiders, Constructing Killers 152 Lack of money 157 Mirth and misery: single pregnancy in literature 160 Seeking marriage and security 168 Wandering 173 Prostitution 176 Constructing killers 178 6. Not the Usual Suspects: Communities and Accomplices 192 Communities 193 Accomplices: ‘feloniously aiding and abetting’ 206 Devilish influences 211 7. Not the Usual Suspects: Married Women 220 Vengeful women 226 Death and the maternal breast 235 Choosing not to nurse 239 8. Not the Usual Suspects: Men 254 The sins of the fathers 254 The unborn child 256 Newborn and very young infants 260 Aiding and abetting 262 Money and motive 264 Sexual shame and motive 267 Infant murder and monarchy 275 More violent than liminal 279 9. Interlude: Infanticide 1700–1950 284 The liminal mother 285 The liminal child 286 Liminal places: water 288 Not the usual suspects 289 10. Epilogue: Echoes of the Past 296 Introduction 296 Reality and fiction 298 Killers, communities and accomplices 300 Liminality and marginality today 309 Performing modern Medeas 313 The language of monstrosity 316 Why? 317 Finally 320 Appendix 1. The 1624 Infanticide Act 328 Appendix 2. Note on Sussex Coroners’ inquests 329 Appendix 3. Sussex Cases of Violent, Unnatural, Unexplained Infant Death 1547–1686 330 Appendix 4. Sussex Infant Deaths Involving Water 339 Appendix 5. Sussex Infant Deaths Involving Throwing 341 Appendix 6. Sussex Infant Deaths Involving Bloodshed or Extreme Violence 343 Appendix 7. Sussex Infant Deaths Showing Direct Involvement of Men 345 List of Illustrations 8 Image 1: The Age and Life of Man described and depicted in Peter Fancy’s ballad (1650-1665?) 27 Image 2: Woodcut from The Mourning Conquest (1674-1679). 39 Image 3: The ages of man schemes suggest infant liminality by showing them not yet on thestairway of life. 83 Image 4: Woodcut from the title page of A Pittilesse Mother (1616). 213 Image 5: Hidden crime: detail of title page of The Wicked Midwife (1640). 215 Image 6: Woodcut from Bloody Newes from Dover (1646). 231 Image 7: Woodcut from The Unnatural Father (1621). 266 Image 8: Paula Rego Down the Well I (2009). 308

Do we imagine English history as a book with white pages and no black letters in? We sometimes think Tudor England in terms of gaudy costumes the court of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and perhaps Shakespearian romance Onyeka's book acknowledges this but predilection but challenges our perceptions. Onyeka's book is about the presence, status and origins of Africans in Tudor England. In it Onyeka's argues that these people were present in cities and towns throughout England, but that they did not automatically occupy the lowest positions in Tudor society.

Following a first degree in English and History, Carol McGrath completed an MA in Creative Writing from The Seamus Heaney Centre, Queens University Belfast, followed by an MPhil in English from University of London. The Handfasted Wife was shortlisted for the Romantic novel of the Year. The Woman in the Shadows, a best-selling historical novel about Elizabeth Cromwell, wife of Henry VIII’s statesman Thomas Cromwell, was republished by Headline in 2020. She is writes Historical non-fiction and fiction. Find Carol on her web-site www.carolcmcgrath.co.uk. SOCIAL SCIENCE / Human Sexuality (see also PSYCHOLOGY / Human Sexuality)

Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Figures 8 List of Abbreviations 10 Note on Texts 12 1 Introduction: Ovidian Bibliofictions and Tudor Books 14 2 “If All the Yearth Wer Parchment Scribable”: Ovidian Heroines in the Querelle des Femmes 50 3 “Hir Name, Allas! Is Publisshed So Wyde” 82 4 “Both False and Also True”: Ovidian Heroines, Epistolary Elegy, and Fictionalized Materiality 122 5 “Our Sainted Legendarie”: The Anglo-Ovidian Heroines 158 Appendix: Latin Editions of Ovid in Tudor England 192 Early Printed Materials Consulted 202 Bibliography 206 Index 226

Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Series Editor's Preface 8 List of contributors 10 Preface 12 Acknowledgements 16 Abbrevations 18 Fray Bartolomé Carranza de Miranda: A biographical outline 20 Introduction: Carranza in England 22 1 Fray Bartolomé Carranza: A Spanish Dominican in the England of Mary Tudor 42 2 The English Church during the reign of Mary 54 3 The Marian Restoration and the language of Catholic Reform 70 4 Cardinal Pole's concept of Reformatio: The Reformatio Angliae and Bartolomé Carranza 86 5 Pole, Carranza, and the pulpit 102 6 Carranza and Catharinus in the controversy over the bishops' obligation of residence, 1546-52 120 7 The Pope, the saints, and the dead: Uniformity of doctrine in Carranza's Catechismo and the printed works of the Marian theologians 136 8 Corpus Christi at Kingston upon Thames: Bartolomé Carranza and the Eucharist in Marian England 160 9 Carranza and the English universities 174 10 The ghostly after-life of Bartolomé Carranza 194 11 Pedro Salazar de Mendoza and the first biography of Carranza 198 Bibliography 228 Index 248

Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Figures 8 List of Abbreviations 10 Note on Texts 12 1 Introduction: Ovidian Bibliofictions and Tudor Books 14 2 “If All the Yearth Wer Parchment Scribable”: Ovidian Heroines in the Querelle des Femmes 50 3 “Hir Name, Allas! Is Publisshed So Wyde” 82 4 “Both False and Also True”: Ovidian Heroines, Epistolary Elegy, and Fictionalized Materiality 122 5 “Our Sainted Legendarie”: The Anglo-Ovidian Heroines 158 Appendix: Latin Editions of Ovid in Tudor England 192 Early Printed Materials Consulted 202 Bibliography 206 Index 226 Metamorphosing Classical Heroines in Late Medieval and Renaissance England

The history of England: under the House of Tudor. ... By David Hume, Esq; In two volumes. ... [pt.1] / Hume, David, 1711-1776. Oxford Text Archive,ECCO,Oxford Text Archive

Front matter 1 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Notes on contributors 10 Acknowledgements 12 List of abbreviations 13 Introduction 16 Polydore Vergil and the first English parliament 52 ‘The consent of the body of the whole realme’: Edward Hall’s parliamentary history 75 The Elizabethan Church and the antiquity of parliament 92 Parliament and the principle of elective succession in Elizabethan England 121 Elizabethan chroniclers and parliament 148 The significance (and insignificance) of precedent in early Stuart parliaments 168 The politic history of early Stuart parliaments 187 ‘That memorable parliament’: medieval history in parliamentarian polemic, 1641–42 209 Institutional memory and contemporary history in the House of Commons, 1547–1640 226 Afterword 244 Index 260

The swearing of oaths is a cultural phenomenon that pervades English history and was remarkably important during the sixteenth century. This multi-disciplinary work explores how writers of the Tudor era addressed the subject in response to the profound changes of the Reformation and the creative explosion of the Elizabethan period. Topics include how the art of rhetoric was deployed in polemic, the way in which oaths formed bonds between Church and State, and how oaths functioned in literature, as ceremony and as a language England used to describe itself during times of radical change.

This detailed treatise comprehensively examines a topic much debated by scholars: the supporting hermeneutic for the biblical doctrine of Royal Supremacy. This hermeneutic is fundamental for the establishment of national churches, specifically the Church of England. in this instance, deriving from it a biblical doctrine of Kingship. The author examines the development of the doctrine of Royal Supremacy, beginning with Henry VIII and continuing up to Elizabeth I and the passage of the Act of Supremacy in 1559. He contrasts scriptural discussions connected with Royal Supremacy found in polemical works, beginning with those of John Jewel and proceeding to those written by Richard Hooker, with the writings of opposing Catholic and Presbyterian theologians. At the same time, Professor Gazal demonstrates that the understanding of the underlying scriptural hermeneutic was subject to change with the passage of time. It was nonetheless sufficiently persuasive to postpone open conflict in England until the middle of the seventeenth century.

The history of England: under the House of Tudor. ... By David Hume, Esq; In two volumes. ... [pt.2] / Hume, David, 1711-1776. Oxford Text Archive,ECCO,Oxford Text Archive

How did the Tudors enjoy themselves? For the men and women of Tudor England there was, just as there is today, more to life than work. 400 years before the invention of television and radio, they did not lead boring or mundane lives. Indeed, in many ways the richness of Tudor entertainment shames us. While continuing the medieval tradition of tournament and pageantry, the Tudors also increasingly read and attended the theatre. Dancing and music were also popular, and were considered just as important as hunting and fishing for an ambitious Tudor's social skills. Church festivals provided the perfect excuse for revelry, and christenings and weddings were, as they are today, great social occasions. Here, Alison Sim explores the full range of entertainments enjoyed at that time covering everything from card games and bear baiting to interior design. Pleasures & Pastimes

Singing the News is the first study to concentrate on sixteenth-century ballads, when there was no regular and reliable alternative means of finding out news and information. It is a highly readable and accessible account of the important role played by ballads in spreading news during a period when discussing politics was treason. The study provides a new analytical framework for understanding the ways in which balladeers spread their messages to the masses. Jenni Hyde focusses on the melody as much as the words, showing how music helped to shape the understanding of texts. Music provided an emotive soundtrack to words which helped to shape sixteenth-century understandings of gendered monarchy, heresy and the social cohesion of the commonwealth. By combining the study of ballads in manuscript and print with sources such as letters and state records, the study shows that when their topics edged too close to sedition, balladeers were more than capable of using sophisticated methods to disguise their true meaning in order to safeguard themselves and their audience, and above all to ensure that their news hit home.

An earl's son, plotting murder by witchcraft; conjuring spirits to find buried treasure; a stolen coat embroidered with pure silver; crooked gaming-houses and brothels; a terrifying new disease, and the self-trained surgeon who claims he can treat it. This is the world of Gregory Wisdom, a physician, magician, and consummate con-man at work in sixteenth-century London. Drawing on previously unknown documents to reconstruct this extraordinary man's career, Alec Ryrie takes us through the cut-throat business of early modern medicine, down to Tudor London's gangland of fraud and organized crime; from the world of Renaissance magi and Kabbalistic conjurers to street-corner wizards; and into the chaotic, exhilarating religious upheavals of the Reformation. On the way, we learn how Tudor England's dignified public face and its rapacious underworld were intimately connected to each other. Gregory Wisdom's career is an object lesson in how to conjure up wealth and respectability from nothing in a turbulent age. And it provides a unique glimpse into a world intoxicated with new ideas, where it was impossible to know quite what to believe--or who to trust.

Humanities

Pleasures & Pastimes