1 (p1): 1 Introduction 4 (p2): 2 Lactic Acid 4 (p3): 2.1 Introduction 4 (p4): 2.2 Properties 7 (p5): 2.3 Preparation 7 (p6): 2.3.1 Chemical Synthesis 7 (p7): 2.3.2 Fermentation 9 (p8): 2.4 Separation and Purification of LA 10 (p9): 2.4.1 Esterification and Hydrolysis 10 (p10): 2.4.2 Crystallization 11 (p11): 2.4.3 Molecular Distillation 12 (p12): 2.5 Application 12 (p13): 2.5.1 Raw Materials of PLA 12 (p14): 2.5.2 Additives in Foods 13 (p15): 2.5.3 Applications in Cosmetics 13 (p16): 2.5.4 Applications in Detergents 14 (p17): References 15 (p18): 3 Synthesis and Manufacture of PLA 15 (p19): 3.1 Direct Polycondensation of Lactic acid 21 (p20): 3.2 Azeotropic Dehydrative Polycondensation of LA 23 (p21): 3.3 Polycondensation Kinetics of LA 23 (p22): 3.4 Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide 24 (p23): 3.4.1 Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide 26 (p24): 3.4.2 Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide 28 (p25): 3.4.3 Coordination-Insertion Polymerization of Lactide 33 (p26): 3.4.4 Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide 35 (p27): Reterences 38 (p28): 4 Modification of PLA 38 (p29): 4.1 Copolymerization of PLA 39 (p30): 4.1.1 Random and alternating copolymers of PLA 45 (p31): 4.1.2 Block Copolymers of PLA 52 (p32): 4.1.3 Multi-Block Copolymers of PLA 54 (p33): 4.1.4 Graft or Branched Copolymers of PLA 56 (p34): 4.1.5 Star-Shaped Copolymers of PLA 65 (p35): 4.1.6 Dendritic Copolymers of PLA 68 (p36): 4.2 PLA Blending 69 (p37): 4.2.1 PLA/HA 72 (p38): 4.2.2 PLA/PEG 78 (p39): 4.2.3 PLA/PHB 81 (p40): 4.2.4 PLLA/PDLA 85 (p41): 4.2.5 PLLA and PDLLA/PCL 91 (p42): 4.2.6 PLA/PBS 94 (p43): 4.2.7 PLA/PHEE 95 (p44): 4.2.8 PLA/PMMA 95 (p45): 4.2.9 PLA/PVA 97 (p46): 4.2.10 PLA/PBAT 99 (p47): 4.3 Composites 100 (p48): 4.4 Additives 100 (p49): 4.4.1 Additives for PLA...

"This book focuses on the deep learning technologies and their applications in the catenary detection of high-speed railways. As the only source of power for high-speed trains, the catenary's service performance directly affects the safe operation of high-speed railways. This book systematically shows the latest research results of catenary detection in high-speed railways, especially the detection of catenary support component defect and fault. Some methods or algorithms have been adopted in practical engineering. These methods or algorithms provide important references and help the researcher, scholar, and engineer on pantograph and catenary technology in high-speed railways. Unlike traditional detection methods of catenary support component based on image processing, some advanced methods in the deep learning field, including convolutional neural network, reinforcement learning, generative adversarial network, etc., are adopted and improved in this book. The main contents include the overview of catenary detection of electrified railways, the introduction of some advance of deep learning theories, catenary support components and their characteristics in high-speed railways, the image reprocessing of catenary support components, the positioning of catenary support components, the detection of defect and fault, the detection based on 3D point cloud, etc."-- Back cover

近年来,已经出现了大量关于交通运输系统可靠性和安全性的期刊及会议论文,但以作者看来,有关该主题的书籍没有一本涵盖了该领域新的进展。这给该学科的信息搜集者构成了实质性障碍,因为他们不得不咨询许多不同而多样的信息源。因此,本书的主要目的是为了消除驳杂的信息源,并为渴望获得相关领域信息的人们提供新的学科信息。在每一章的结尾参考部分给出了章节中提到的大部分材料的信息来源,有助于读者在读完本书后寻找相关的材料和书籍并在专业的领域进行更深入的学习。为了有助于读者对后续章节内容的理解,书中介绍了相关的数学概念以及可靠性和安全性的基础知识,并且单独设立了一章来介绍交通运输系统可靠性与安全性分析实施方法。本书将对许多人提供相关参考,包括交通运输业中可靠性与安全方面的专家、运输系统管理员、交通运输工程本科生与研究生、交通运输领域研究人员与教师、以及大多数工程师。

This book comprises select peer-reviewed proceedings of the National Conference on Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering (RATE 2022). The contents includes in-depth insights into the domain of traffic engineering and planning and presents the latest advancements by focusing on traffic engineering, traffic flow, road safety, advanced techniques for transportation surveys, and data collection. It covers topics including travel demand modeling and transportation planning issues. The contents of this book offer up-to-date and practical knowledge on different aspects of traffic engineering. It will be useful for researchers as well as practitioners.

This book provides case studies and state-of-the-art research findings for cutting-edge technologies relevant to transportation infrastructure projects, with emphasis on safe, smart, and resilient road and mobility networks. The market share of the global infrastructure projects is estimated at $3.4 trillion, the socioeconomic rate of return is around 20%, and significant progress has been made in the last decade in maintenance of existing projects and to improve future construction projects for the well-being of the society. Different book chapters focus on emerging challenges including readying road infrastructure to autonomous vehicles, safety of road users, increased efficiency and sustainability of infrastructure projects, and advances in construction materials and technologies of highways, tunnels, and bridges. State-of-the-art research includes the current and future applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), intelligent transportation systems (ITS), artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT), big data, smart materials, and additive manufacturing (AM). This book is intended for transportation professionals, policy makers, researchers, practicing engineers, researchers, graduate students, and public and private sector transportation personnel

Many cities in the developed world are undergoing a digital revolution, and have placed the "smart city" on their list of priorities. Smart cities use technological solutions such as Internet of Things, AI, 5G, Big Data, Cloud computing, Smart Grid, as well as all the emerging technologies of the digital era, to improve the management and efficiency of the urban environment. The aim is to make residents happier, healthier, smarter and more prosperous, and to make the city greener, cleaner, more sustainable, more responsible, more functional, more resilient, and more competitive. Enhanced by extensive research studies and carried out under the guidance of international scientific experts in the field. This book explores various papers related to smart cities, including digital twins, geo-smart information systems, education, healthcare, economy and digital business, building and home automation, environment and agriculture, and information technologies and computer science.

This book presents advanced research in a relatively new field of scholarly inquiry that is usually referred to as dynamic network user equilibrium, now almost universally abbreviated as DUE. It provides the first synthesis of results obtained over the last decade from applying the differential variational inequality (DVI) formalism to study the DUE problem. In particular, it explores the intimately related problem of dynamic network loading, which determines the arc flows and effective travel delays (or generalized travel costs) arising from the expression of departure rates at the origins of commuter trips between the workplace and home. In particular, the authors show that dynamic network loading with spillback of queues into upstream arcs may be formulated as a differential algebraic equation system. They demonstrate how the dynamic network loading problem and the dynamic traffic user equilibrium problem may be solved simultaneously rather than sequentially, as well as how the first-in-first-out queue discipline may be maintained for each when Lighthill-Whitham-Richardson traffic flow theory is used. A number of recent and new extensions of the DVI-based theory of DUE and corresponding examples are presented and discussed. Relevant mathematical background material is provided to make the book as accessible as possible.

This book reports on innovative research and developments in the broad field of transportation. It covers innovative solutions relating to intelligent vehicles and infrastructure, energy and combustion management, vehicle dynamics and engineering. It also reports on advances in railway transport, air transportation, as well as transportation safety and logistics. Chapters are based on peer-reviewed papers presented at the 14th international scientific conference "Transbaltica: Transportation Science and Technology", held on September 14-15, 2023, at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, in Vilnius, Lithuania. All in all, this book offers extensive and timely information to both researchers and practitioners in the field of transportation, logistics and related interdisciplinary areas.

The application of dynamic positioning (DP) systems has been expanded significantly not only in the number of DP vessels, but also in the range of applications and the advancement of DP technologies. In order to address various needs of the industry, the majority of leading Classification Societies (Class) have developed Class specific guidance relating to development, implementation, and use of dynamic positioning Systems (DP). This book provides generalised guidance adapted from various leading Classes, to provide DP professionals with a readily available source of information and guidance relating to the operation and use of DP systems. The book provides optional notations and technical specifics that reflect current industry practice and DP technologies. This book includes guidance relating to: • Enhanced system (EHS) notations to recognise design features beyond current DPS-series notations and to provide flexibility to owners and operators. • Station keeping performance (SKP) notations to recognise DP capability and to encourage robust design of the DP systems. • Increased level of detail on the technical requirements to help less experienced users.

"This book (in three volumes) comprises the proceedings of the Fifth Conference of Transportation Research Group of India (CTRG2019) focusing on emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of transportation of people and freight. The contents of the volume include characterization of conventional and innovative pavement materials, operational effects of road geometry, user impact of multimodal transport projects, spatial analysis of travel patterns, socio-economic impacts of transport projects, analysis of transportation policy and planning for safety and security, technology enabled models of mobility services, etc. This book will be beneficial to researchers, educators, practitioners and policy makers alike."-- Provided by publisher

This proceedings book is the fourth edition of a series of works which features emergent research trends and recent innovations related to smart city presented at the 5th International Conference on Smart City Applications SCA20 held in Safranbolu, Turkey. This book is composed of peer-reviewed chapters written by leading international scholars in the field of smart cities from around the world.  This book covers all the smart city topics including Smart Citizenship, Smart Education, Smart Mobility, Smart Healthcare, Smart Mobility, Smart Security, Smart Earth Environment & Agriculture, Smart Economy, Smart Factory and Smart Recognition Systems.  This book contains a special section intended for Covid-19 pandemic researches. This book edition is an invaluable resource for courses in computer science, electrical engineering and urban sciences for sustainable development.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Transportation Research Group of India (CTRG2021) focusing on emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of transportation of people and freight. The contents of the volume include recent advancements in the pavements and materials study like Fatigue damage, Moisture damage prediction, Quantification of Aging of Polymer, and Effect of short-term aging. It also covers rapidly evolving topics like Road network analysis, Location choice analysis for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Transit ridership, etc. This book will be beneficial to researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers alike.

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has many special characteristics, such as low pressure and hypoxia, complex geological conditions, fragile ecological environment, and various bad weather conditions, which exerts a negative effect on highway construction and traffic safety. It is a huge challenge to build a safe and environment-friendly highway on the Tibetan Plateau due to lacking of mature experience around the world. Therefore, this book was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program: highway construction technology in high altitude and cold regions to research the critical indicators and technologies. This book focuses on the driving behavior and typical vehicle characteristics in the high altitude area to put forward a series of geometrical indicators and traffic safety improvement measures, based on a great number of ground tests. Moreover, the relative achievements were applied to the demonstration project and validate the feasibility of indicators and countermeasures. It is of practical and leading significance for highway construction and improving the traffic level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Approachable guide combining project management principles and proven best practices applied to transportation projects Transportation Project Management is a comprehensive and approachable work providing practical guidance on all aspects of managing transportation projects. It covers project management principles, practical applications, and proven best practices, all tailored specifically to the unique workflows of developing and designing transportation projects, from inception through to advertisement for construction. Detailed themes include technical competencies, industry constraints, organizational opportunities, and the range of soft skills necessary to be an effective leader in this role. This timely publication responds to recent trends in the industry, as transportation organizations become more project-centric in their strategic approach, to enable more efficient project and program delivery amidst increased spending on infrastructure. Some topics covered in Transportation Project Management include: The “Triple Constraint” of budget, scope, and schedule, and meaningful change management The transportation Project Development Process and its unique interdependencies, opportunities, and constraints Creating your project management plan, a living document providing guidance and clarification on how the project will be managed during development Organizational structures, establishing and understanding how your organization operates, including who makes what decisions Understanding the fundamental differences between projects, programs, and portfolios, enabling successful project management within any organizational structure Critical Project Management soft skills, including communication, time management, leading meetings, stakeholder engagement, influence management, and managing expectations Developing and leading focused, efficient, and effective project teams Partnering with consultants to manage risks, drive development, and increase quality Aimed at professional transportation project managers in both the public and private sectors, along with engineering undergraduate and graduate students in related programs of study, Transportation Project Management provides the foundations for practitioners to become great transportation project managers.

Big Data and Mobility as a Service explores MaaS platforms that can be adaptable to the ever-evolving mobility environment. It looks at multi-mode urban crowd data to assess urban mobility characteristics, their shared transportation potential, and their performance conditions and constraints. The book analyzes the roles of multimodality, travel behavior, urban mobility dynamics and participation. Combined with insights on using big data to analyze market and policy decisions, this book is an essential tool for urban transportation management researchers and practitioners. Summarizes current fundamental MaaS technologies Shows how to utilize anonymous big data for transportation analysis and problem-solving Illustrates, with data-enabled shared transportation service examples from different countries, the similarities and differences within a global urban mobility framework

This book contains papers presented at the International Conference on Emerging Smart Cities (ICESC2022), previously known as the International Conference on Civil, Offshore and Environmental Engineering (ICCOEE). ICESC is held under the banner of World Engineering, Science and Technology Congress (ESTCON2022) from 1 to2 December 2022 at Borneo Convention Centre, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. This proceeding contains papers presented by academics and industrial practitioners showcasing the latest advancements and findings in civil engineering areas with an emphasis on emerging smart cities for the ultimate shape of urban living in the near future. The papers are categorized under the following tracks: (1) Climate Adaptive materials; (2) Environmental sustainability; (3) Infrastructure efficiency.

The book highlights the transportation ecosystems and its management with underlying technologies for futuristic freight and passenger movement. The contents include contributions on climate change impact on transportation infrastructure, enhancing multimodal transportation, solar energy in railways, managing public transportation with technology, among others. It also includes chapters of newly developed technologies for the intelligent transport system. This book is a useful guide to those working in academia and industry in transportation technology.

Erster Teil.- Preis und Absatz der Güter unter Einwirkung der Transportkosten.- Die Absatzmenge.- Preisbildung und Absatz bei Gütern gegebener Menge.- Absatz und Preis im Wettbewerb der Erzeugungsorte.- Preiserscheinungen bei Versorgung eines Verbrauchsplatzes aus einem unbeschränkten Verkehrsgebiet.- Absatz verschiedener im Preiszusammenhang stehender Güterarten.- Zweiter Teil.- Werttarifierung.- Der Tarifaufbau im allgemeinen.- Insbesondere die Rolle der Kosten in der Frachtpreisbildung.- Schlußwort.

Japanese carmaker Honda has pioneered a new breed of multinational enterprise - true manufacturing at the global scale. Honda has been a leader in confounding predictions that Japan's carmakers would and could never transfer their success abroad, and that a wholesale 'Japanization' of the west would be provoked if they did. The book covers manufacture, research and development, sourcing of components, human resources and labour relations, collaboration with western firms, political controversy, and the role of concepts and ideas, in Japan, North America, and Europe

There are various definitions of what constitutes infrastructure, but generally infrastructure refers to the large-scale public systems, services, and facilities of a country or region that are necessary for economic activity. The sector tends to be separated into two broad subsets - economic and social. Economic infrastructure includes highways, water and sewerage facilities, and energy distribution and telecommunication networks whereas social infrastructure encompasses schools, universities, hospitals, public housing and prisons. Infrastructure assets are generally characterised by high development costs (high barriers to entry) and long lives. They are generally managed and financed on a long-term basis. Historically it was seen as the role of the government to fund and manage these assets for the good of the population. Today, the role of the government as the provider of public services is increasingly being questioned both in terms of the absolute cost to taxpayers and as to whether a government can deliver the assets as efficiently as a private company competing for the privilege. From the government's perspective there is a strong case for privatisation, where the debt raised by the private partner remains on their balance sheets, not on that of the Treasury's. These factors have resulted in a gradual migration from the public provision of infrastructure to the private sector. The private provision of these assets may take many forms from joint ventures, concessions and franchises through to straight delivery contracts. Essentially the private sector is being brought in to design, build, finance and/or maintain public sector assets in return for long term contracted payments from the government or access to the revenues generated from the asset.

This book offers a snapshot of the latest research and developments in road and railway vehicle dynamics. Gathering peer-reviewed contributions to the 27 th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics (IAVSD), held online on August 17–19, 2021, from Saint Petersburg, Russia, it offers extensive information for both researchers and professionals in the field of ground vehicle dynamics, control and design. It covers cutting-edge methods and solutions for solving ground vehicle system dynamics-related problems, concerning control and monitoring, performance, safety and braking of road and rail vehicles, including electric and autonomous ones. Further, it reports on significant advances in vehicle design, and important applications to improve ride comfort. Overall, the book provides academics and professional with a timely reference guide on theories and methods to understand, analyze and improve vehicle stability and dynamics in a broad range of different operating conditions. Chapter "Experimental Validation of a Semi-physical Modelling Approach of the Influence of Tyre Rotation on the Vertical Tyre Force Transmission and Tyre Kinematics" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book aims to promote the core understanding of a proper modelling of road traffic accidents by deep learning methods using traffic information and road geometry delineated from laser scanning data. The first two chapters of the book introduce the reader to laser scanning technology with creative explanation and graphical illustrations, review and recent methods of extracting geometric road parameters. The next three chapters present different machine learning and statistical techniques applied to extract road geometry information from laser scanning data. Chapters 6 and 7 present methods for modelling roadside features and automatic road geometry identification in vector data. After that, this book goes on reviewing methods used for road traffic accident modelling including accident frequency and injury severity of the traffic accident (Chapter 8). Then, the next chapter explores the details of neural networks and their performance in predicting the traffic accidents along with a comparison with common data mining models. Chapter 10 presents a novel hybrid model combining extreme gradient boosting and deep neural networks for predicting injury severity of road traffic accidents. This chapter is followed by deep learning applications in modelling accident data using feed-forward, convolutional, recurrent neural network models (Chapter 11). The final chapter (Chapter 12) presents a procedure for modelling traffic accident with little data based on the concept of transfer learning. This book aims to help graduate students, professionals, decision makers, and road planners in developing better traffic accident prediction models using advanced neural networks.

\"Transportation Engineering: Theory, Practice and Modeling is a guide for integrating multi-modal transportation networks and assessing their potential cost and impact on society and the environment. Clear and rigorous in its coverage, the authors begin with an exposition of theory related to traffic engineering and control, transportation planning, and an evaluation of transportation alternatives that is followed by models and methods for predicting travel and freight transportation demand, analyzing existing and planning new transportation networks, and developing traffic control tactics and strategies. Written by an author team with over thirty years of experience in both research and teaching, the book incorporates both theory and practice to facilitate greener solutions. Contains worked out examples and end of the chapter questions. Covers all forms of transportation engineering, including air, rail, and public transit modes. Includes modeling and analytical procedures for supporting different aspects of traffic and transportation analyses. Examines different transport mode sand how to make them sustainable. Explains the economics of transport systems in terms of users value of time\"--Publisher

Vollstandig neu bearbeitet wurde das Kapitel liber den Getreide-und Mehlhandel in den Vereinigten Staaten und das Kapitel liber die Frachtsiitze im Getreidehandel. Ersteres wmde erweitert dmch eine Uebersicht liber die Hauptplittze und Hauptrouten im Innern des Landes und durch eine detaillirte lIfittheilung liber die Classificirung oder Gradirung des Getreides. Das Kapitel liber die Frachtsatze im Getreidehandel hingegen diirfte jetzt mit einer solchen Vollstandigkeit gegeben sein, dass der Exporteur liber jede hierauf bezligliche Frage eine befriedigende Auskunft erhalt. Besonders de-taiIIirt und durch Beispiele erlautert habe ich die ziemlich schwierigen Frachtberechnungen bei See-Transporten. Einen eigenen Abschnitt widmete ich diesmal den Eisenbahn-, Canalund Ocean-Frachten in den Vereinigten Staaten, woriiber mir ein ausgezeichnetes Material zur Verfiigung stand. Zwei neue Frachten-Paritats-Tabellen diirften den Exporteuren und Transportgesellschaften besonders wiIIkommen sein.Aus dies en kurzen Andeutungen werden die p. t. Leser entnehmen, dass ein vollstandig neues Buch vor ihnen Iiegt, von welchem ich nur wiinschen kann, dass es sich der gleichen freundlichen A ufnahme erfreue, wie die erste Auflage.Schliesslich sage ich allen p. t. Firmen und Mannern, welche mir so wertvolle Mittheilungen zukommen liessen, im Interesse des internationalen Verkehrs, an dessen Ausbreitung und Vervollkommnung wir alle gemeinsam arbeiten, meinen besten Dank und bitte dieselben, sowie aIle iibrigen Leser auch fernerhin auf die jeweiligen Aenderungen und Neuerungen mich aufmerksam zu machen, denn die grosste Schwierigkeit besteht darin, ein solch' riesiges Material immer im Laufenden zu erhalten. Speciellen Dank schulde ich jedoch dem handelspolitischen und dem Consular-Departement des k. u. k. osterr.-ungar. Ministeriums des Aeusseren in Wien, welche mich fortgesetzt in entgegenkommendster und lieberalster Weise bei meinen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiete des internationalen Handels unterstiitzen.Wien, am 1. Juli 1882.

"With a focus on cargo transportation, this book addresses the development of approaches intended to secure an infrastructure of smart services to support the adaptive implementation of online multi-modal freight transport management processes. It discusses the development of multi-criteria decision-making components and their integration into the multi-layered computer-based information management of intelligent systems. Through detailed descriptions of various components of intelligent transport management systems, the book demonstrates how to develop the services needed in the right place and at the right time, and how to properly adapt to user needs, making necessary interventions to ensure the safety of the transportation process. Further, it describes the main ways to increase the autonomy and efficiency of user-vehicle interaction and shows how Information and Communications Technology (ICT) structural support for current and past situations in AI-based systems can help to anticipate future developments in freight transportation."-- Provided by publisher

This book starts with the introduction of the radar working system from a mathematical point of view. It shows the composition of transmitted signal and echo signal, and describes the principle of speed measurement and distance measurement for different radar systems. The book focuses on millimeter-wave radar technologies related to echo signal denoising, target identification, clustering, and target tracking and develops a workable plan for the information fusion idea between millimeter-wave radar and machine vision. This book breaks down the systematic processing flow of millimeter-wave radar echo signals one by one from the standpoint of intelligent transportation, concentrating on the introduction of principles and reinforced by a plethora of experimental instances. So that readers from all relevant professions may comprehend millimeter-wave radar's involvement throughout the complete system process.

In der Automobilwirtschaft entwickeln sich Kauf- und Service-Erlebnisse der Konsumenten immer mehr zu Schlüsselfaktoren für die Differenzierung einer Marke. Daher rückt die Gestaltung und das Management von Handelsorganisationen zunehmend in den Mittelpunkt strategischer Entscheidungen der Hersteller. Ausgehend von den primär marken- bzw. herstellerexklusiven Vertriebsorganisationen analysiert Mike Hoffmeister die Entwicklung von Multi-Franchise-Konzepten im Automobileinzelhandel und deren Auswirkungen auf die Absatzkanalpolitik der Automobilhersteller. Auf der Basis einer internationalen Delphi-Studie klassifiziert und beurteilt der Autor Multi-Franchise-Konzepte in den USA und der Europäischen Union und leitet daraus Gestaltungsempfehlungen ab. Erscheinungsdatum: 15.04.1998

These proceedings gather a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 6th Thailand Rail Academic Symposium (TRAS 2019), held at Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on 21–22 November 2019. The focus is on presenting recent research on issues related to rail and metro, with a specific focus on metro performance and system design undertaken in Thailand, South East Asia and beyond. Topics presented are divided into three themes and cover topics towards sustainable transportation related to: Metro operations and system performance; Rail engineering and vehicles; Rail education and training.

"This book focuses on the deep learning technologies and their applications in the catenary detection of high-speed railways. As the only source of power for high-speed trains, the catenary's service performance directly affects the safe operation of high-speed railways. This book systematically shows the latest research results of catenary detection in high-speed railways, especially the detection of catenary support component defect and fault. Some methods or algorithms have been adopted in practical engineering. These methods or algorithms provide important references and help the researcher, scholar, and engineer on pantograph and catenary technology in high-speed railways. Unlike traditional detection methods of catenary support component based on image processing, some advanced methods in the deep learning field, including convolutional neural network, reinforcement learning, generative adversarial network, etc., are adopted and improved in this book. The main contents include the overview of catenary detection of electrified railways, the introduction of some advance of deep learning theories, catenary support components and their characteristics in high-speed railways, the image reprocessing of catenary support components, the positioning of catenary support components, the detection of defect and fault, the detection based on 3D point cloud, etc."-- Back cover

National and European transport models become increasingly important. The broadening of national transport policy from strategic infrastructure investments to infrastructure management strengthens the need for advanced and more policy sensitive tools of analysis. The increase of interregional and international mobility requires forecasting tools that go beyond the urban or regional level. The competition for national infrastructure investments among regions and for Trans-European investments among nations has to be resolved by decisions and decision support systems at the appropriate spatial level. Environmental impacts transcend regional and national boundaries and transport policies affecting these environmental impacts involve all spatial levels. This volume presents the state of the art and prospects of a sample of the most advanced national and European transport models within a comparative framework. Erscheinungsdatum: 06.12.2010

Major transport infrastructures are increasingly in the news as both the engineering and financing possibilities come together. However, these projects have also demonstrated the inadequacy of most existing approaches to forecasting their impacts and their overall evaluation. This collection of papers from a conference organised by the Applied Econometric Association represents a state of the art look at issues of forecasting traffic, developing pricing strategies and estimating the impacts in a set of papers by leading authorities from Europe, North America and Japan. Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.1997

This book provides a comprehensive and systematic presentation of the mathematical models for the simulation of transportation systems and the methodologies for the analysis and design of these systems. Theoretical and operational aspects are presented in a rigorous and exhaustive framework, addressing a broad range of applications performed by researchers and practitioners. Topics are presented with an increasing level of detail and complexity. In this 2 nd edition the author extends and generalizes the contents of the previous edition entitled "Transportation Systems Engineering: Theory and Methods" published in 2001. In addition to entirely new material dealing with the recent developments in the field, the text has been revised to simplify the presentation. The Bibliography has also been expanded significantly. All the topics are presented with simple numerical examples as well as with references to real-life applications. The material is structured so as to offer different levels of complexity and different reading paths based on the reader’s needs. It is suitable for graduate level courses on transportation analysis and planning. Prerequisites include a basic knowledge of calculus, optimization techniques, probability theory and statistics. Due to the breadth and depth of topics covered, the book will also serve as an excellent reference guide for researchers, teachers and practitioners.

Contents About the Editors Detecting NAPL in Unsaturated Soil 1 Background 2 Approach 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Lessons Learned References Odour Emission and Dispersion from a Cold Region Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 H2S and NH3 EREs from the Open-to-Air Facilities 2.2 Dispersion Modelling: AERMOD Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 EREs 3.2 AERMOD 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Agricultural Waste Products for Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Waters 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Analysis 2.3 Batch Sorption Experiments 2.4 FTIR Spectroscopy 2.5 Kinetic Studies 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 FTIR Spectra 3.2 Effect of Initial pH 3.3 Sorption Kinetics 4 Conclusions References Using the STP-EX Model for a Screening Level Assessment of Chemicals of Emerging Concern During the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Process 1 Introduction 2 Model Background and Inputs 2.1 STP-EX Model 2.2 Model Input Parameters 2.3 Biodegradation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Partitioning Maps 3.2 Case Studies 4 Conclusions References Biofiltration Optimization Strategies—Operational and Water Quality Adjustments 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Laboratory Biofilter Column Methodology (Carleton University, Ottawa) 2.2 Pilot Scale Methodology (Britannia Water Treatment Plant, Ottawa) 2.3 Microbial Measurements 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Water Quality Impacts of pH and Alkalinity on Biofilter Column Performance 3.2 Backwashing Impacts on Biofilter Column Performance 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of Arsenic and Iron Transport from Sediments of a Potable Water Treatment Wastewater Pond System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 DWTP and Settling Pond System 2.2 Sampling and Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 As Sediment and Wastewater Concentrations 3.2 Fe Sediment and Wastewater Concentrations 3.3 As and Fe Variations in Ponds 4 Conclusions References Conceptualizing a Stress-Tolerant Bioremediation Strategy for Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils in Cold Climates: A Preliminary Review 1 Introduction 2 Bioremediation of PHC-Contaminated Soils in Cold Climates 3 PHC-Degradation Kinetics at Low Temperatures 4 Summary References Soil Treatment Towards Stress-Tolerant Bioremediation Strategy for Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils in Cold Climates Using Zeolite as a Remediation Agent: A Preliminary Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Site Soil Characterization 2.2 Zeolite-Assisted Water Retention During Soil Drying 2.3 Zeolite-Assisted Water Retention During Soil Freezing 2.4 Zeolite-Assisted Biostimulation 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Zeolite-Assisted Biostimulation Potential 3.2 Zeolite-Assisted Water Retention for Microbial Survivors During Soil Drying 3.3 Zeolite-Assisted Unfrozen Water Retention 3.4 Excellent Compatibility of Zeolite with Inorganic Nutrient Supply for Biostimulation 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Treatment Pond System for Removal of Concentrated Iron and Arsenic Produced from Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Wastewater 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Site Conditions 2.2 Overview of WSP Evaluation 2.3 Sampling Procedure 2.4 Groundwater Versus Surface Water Sources 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 WSP Inflow and Outflow Fe and As 3.2 Diel Fe Evaluation 3.3 Monthly Pond-to-Pond Concentration Profiles 4 Conclusions References Variable Rate Ion Exchange in Contaminant Transport 1 Introduction 2 Ion Exchange 3 Use of Equivalent Fractions 4 Correction Factors Based on Experimental Data 5 Use of Exchange as a Retardation Factor in Transport 6 Use of Ion Exchange in Modeling of Transport 7 Conclusions References Integrated Framework for Identifying Energy-Use Behavior of Hotel Guests 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Energy-Use Behavior Models Review 4 Integrated Energy-Use Framework 4.1 Synthesizing Energy-Related Behavior Models 4.2 Developing Energy-Use Behavior Hypotheses and Their Relevant Measures 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References A 3D Bioventing Model to Estimate Closure Time 1 Background 2 Model Development 3 Results and Discussion 4 Summary References Optimizing Waste Management Regions Spanning Inter-Provincial Boundaries 1 Introduction and Literature Review 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Acquisition and Pre-processing 2.3 Workflow and Optimization 2.4 Thiessen Polygons 2.5 Minimization Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Saskatchewan 3.2 Manitoba 3.3 Interprovincial Analysis 3.4 Practical Implications and Areas of Future Work 4 Conclusions References Stacking Different Spatial Statistics in a Novel Recursion Algorithm to Improve the Design of Waste Management Regions in Saskatchewan 1 Introduction and Literature Review 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing 2.3 Workflow and Spatial Statistics 2.4 Optimization Criteria and Minimization Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Applying Mean Center to CVT Iteration 1 3.2 Applying Mean Center to CVT Iteration 4 3.3 Applying Median Center to Iteration 1 3.4 Applying Median Center to Iteration 4 4 Conclusions References Temporal and Spatial Assessment of Landfill Gas Emission Near the City of Regina Landfill 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Environmental and Economic Assessment of Municipal Landfill Locations in Saskatchewan and Manitoba 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Utilization of Organic Wastes as a Bio-Resource: A Case Study of Corn Cobs in Nigeria 1 Introduction and Background 2 Utilization of Nigerian Corn Cobs 2.1 Energy Generation 2.2 Construction and Engineering Applications 2.3 Animal Feeds 2.4 Industrial Effluent Treatment 2.5 Project Feasibility and Processing Cost 3 Benefits and Challenges of Utilizing Bio-Resources in Nigeria 4 Conclusions References Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Site Waste Facilities in Saskatchewan—Phase 1 1 Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Objective 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Acquisition 2.2 Study Area 2.3 Landfill to Transfer Facilities Ratio 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Waste Facilities in Saskatchewan 3.2 The Use of Transfer Facilities to Reduce Landfill Number 3.3 Heat Maps of Waste Facilities in the Province 4 Conclusion References Biomass and MSW to Energy Technology Options for Distributed Electricity Generation in Canada 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 National Level Analysis 3.2 Provincial Level Analysis 4 Conclusions References Mass Recovery for BTEX Stripping from Organic and Sandy Soil Using Soil Vapor Extraction Process 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Technique 2.1 Instrumentation 2.2 Preparation of Contaminants and Columns 2.3 Calculation of Exhaust Gas and Residual Contaminant Concentrations in Soil 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Diversion of Electron in Mixed Microbial Culture to Treat the High Sulfate and LCFA Contaminated Wastewater Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Methods 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Mitigating Fugitive Methane Emissions from Closed Landfills: A Pilot-Scale Field Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 PMOB Design 2.3 PMOB Construction 2.4 PMOB Monitoring 3 Discussion 4 Next Steps References Improved NASM Framework for Food Processing Wash-Water and Solid Residuals 1 Background 2 Approach 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Next Steps References Multifunctional PVDF Membrane Modified with Nanocomposites for Membrane Fouling Mitigation 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Monitoring Microbial Quality of Source Waters Using Bayesian Belief Networks 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Data Source and Case Study 2.2 Adaptive Synthetic Sampling 2.3 Bayesian Belief Network 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Prediction Using Bayesian Belief Network 4 Conclusion References Environmental Remediation of a Shallow Mesotrophic Lake Water Using On-Site Non-woven Geotextile Filtration Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods Schedule 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Filter Media 2.3 On-Site Geotextile Filtration Setup 2.4 Water Quality Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Lake Johanne Water Quality Assessment 3.2 Filtration Experiments 3.3 Batch Experiments 3.4 Continuous Experiments 4 Conclusions References Artificial Intelligence-Based Prediction of Permeable Pavement Surface Infiltration Rates 1 Introduction 1.1 Urban Stormwater Management and Low Impact Development 1.2 Overview of Permeable Pavements 2 Method 2.1 Preliminary Field Investigation 2.2 Lab Analysis 2.3 Data Analysis Techniques 3 Results 3.1 Preliminary Field Investigation 3.2 Data Analysis 3.3 Future Work 4 Conclusion References The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Exploration of Environmental Implications 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Improved Air Quality 3.2 Improved Water Quality and Reduced Industrial Water Use 3.3 Increase in Domestic and Municipal Waste 3.4 Increase in Medical, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Infectious Waste 3.5 Irresponsible Disposal of PPEs 3.6 Limited Recycling of Waste 3.7 Reduced Noise Pollution 3.8 Restoration of Recreational and Tourist Locations 3.9 Heightened Awareness of Environmental Inequalities 3.10 Focus on Immediate and Short-Term Advantages 3.11 Heightened Awareness of the Relationship Between Hygiene and Disease Spread 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Insights into Effects of Tillage and Residue Management on the Growth of Canola in Canadian Prairie-A Case Study in Saskatchewan 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Overview of Study Site 2.2 Indicators 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Growth States of Canola 3.2 Correlation Among Growth Characteristics 4 Conclusions References Enriching the Decision-Aiding Process for Asset Management Programs for Climate Change Preparedness in Small Municipalities on the Prairies 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Classification of Municipalities 4 Decision Considerations for Ranking Infrastructure 4.1 Infrastructure 4.2 Climate Risks of the Prairie Provinces 4.3 Climate Data 4.4 Political Opinion 4.5 Subject Matter Expert 5 A Tool to Assist Municipalities References Rapid and Cross-Source Detection of Naphthenic Acids and Phenol Using 3d Fluorescence Spectroscopy 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Samples and Mixing Experiments 2.2 Fluorescence 2.3 Dimensionality Reduction 2.4 Cross-Source Model Transfer 2.5 Regression Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 PCA Components 3.2 Prediction of NAs and Phenol in Surface Waters 3.3 Contaminant Detection in Cross-Source Water 4 Conclusions References Dynamic Multi-year Performance of Bioretention Mesocosms—Patterns of Change 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Hydrological Performance 3.2 Water Quality Performance 4 Conclusions References How to Identify Cities on the Path Towards Real Sustainability? 1 Introduction 2 Various Definitions Around Sustainability 3 How to Assess Earth Carrying Capacity at City Scale? 3.1 Boundaries and Accounting Approaches 3.2 ECC Compatible Sustainability Indicators 4 Obstacles for ECC Assessment at Urban Scale 4.1 Definitions and Materiality 4.2 Scopes and Methodology 4.3 Urban Accounting Standards 4.4 Data at Urban Scale 5 Conclusion References An Emission Model for Regional Biogenic Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds from Crops 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Porous Media Classification Using Multivariate Statistical Methods 1 Introduction 2 Data 2.1 Description 2.2 Pre-processing and Feature Visualization 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 PCA Analysis 4.2 SIMCA Classification Model 4.3 PLS-DA Classification Model 4.4 OPLS-DA Classification Model 5 Conclusions References Prediction of Waste Disposal During Covid-19 Using System Dynamics Modeling 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Area and Data Source 1.2 Related Works 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Hydrogen Production in Incubated Anaerobic Mesophilic Mixed Culture by Oleic Acid (OA) for Different Periods 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Data Analytics Applications for City Resilience Under Climate-Induced Hazards 1 Introduction 2 Data Description 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References The PIEVC Protocol for Assessing Public Infrastructure Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts: National and International Application 1 Introduction 2 The PIEVC Protocol 2.1 The PIEVC Protocol Steps Explained 2.2 The PIEVC High Level Screening Guide 3 PIEVC Protocol Applications 3.1 Application in Canada 3.2 International Applications 4 The PIEVC Partnership and the PIEVC Program 5 Conclusion References Prediction of C&D, Grit, Asphalt and Treated Biomedical Wastes During COVID-19 Using Grey Model 1 Introduction 1.1 Study Area and Data Source 1.2 Related Works 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Characteristics of Excavated Waste from a 14-Year-Old Landfill Bioreactor: Calgary Biocell Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Identification and Mitigation of By-Products Formed During an Advance Oxidation of Emerging Contaminants: Example of Pharmaceutical Sulfamethoxazole 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials 2.2 Experimental Method, UV/H2O2 AOP Setup 2.3 Analytical Methods for Identification of SMX By-Products 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Identification of SMX By-Products 3.2 Effect of Technological Parameters on BPs Evolution 3.3 SMX Mineralization; End-Products Evolution 4 Conclusion References Development of Microfluidic Photocatalytic Oxidation System for Drinking Water Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Reagents and Standards 2.2 Microfluidic Photocatalytic Degradation of HA 2.3 Characterization of Water Samples 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Parameter Analysis in Simulating Transport of Metformin in a Sandy Medium 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Biomethane Recovery from Brewer’s Yeast Using Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Substrate and Pre-Treatment 2.2 Biomethane Potential Testing 2.3 Analytical Techniques 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References A Study on the Control of Indoor Temperature in Typical Canadian Homes 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Overview 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Simulation Studies 4 Experimental Study of a Canadian House 5 Model Development 5.1 Type 1 Model 5.2 Type 2 Model 5.3 Type 3 Model 6 Simulation Results 6.1 Objective 1 6.2 Objective 2 7 Conclusion References Covid-19 Monitoring Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: The Promise and Peril of Seeking Useable Data in a Pandemic 1 Background 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Findings 3.2 Use Case and Major Considerations References Utilization of Recycled Plastic in the Construction Industry 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Objectives 4 Literature Review 5 Conclusion 5.1 Key Conclusions from the Study References

This book is focused on wireless infrastructure deployment in modern transportation markets, where the wireless infrastructure co-exists with the existing structure. It details the challenges this deployment may face and explores the mitigation measures to overcome the challenges. The book proposes a smart antenna structure to overcome airspace congestion, which improves the overall wireless performance and deployment cost. With the combination of practical know-how and theoretical estimation, this book provides insight on how the modern smart antenna techniques that support most cutting-edge wireless technology can be adopted into the existing infrastructure whilst minimising the distraction to the existing system. This book   is suitable for industrial and academic researchers, practising engineers within the field of smart antennae, and wireless infrastructure designers and developers.

Ich beginne mit emer persönlichen Bitte: die nachfolgenden Ausführungen lediglich als das zu betrachten, was sie sind, als meine persönlichen Ansichten und ihnen keinerlei offizielle oder offiziöse Bedeutung beizumessen. Ich muss dies um so mehr betonen, als ich mir wohl bewusst bin, mit meinen Ansichten und V arschlägen zum 'l 1 heil wider den Strom zu schwimmen, nicht nur wider den Strom wichtiger und mächtiger Interessen, sondern auch wider den Strom der öffentlichen Meinung, welche seit langer Zeit von diesen Interessen beeinflusst wird. \V enn ich trotzdem mit dieser Veröffentlichung hervortrete, so geschieht es, weil ich die Klarstellung der von mir behandelten Fragen im Interesse der wirthschaftlichen Entwickelung Deutschlands und Preussens für höchst wünschenswerth und nothwendig erachte, weil ich die Aufmerksamkeit aller derer, die es angeht, insbesondere der deutschen Regierungen, welche Staatsbahnen besitzen, auf diese wichtigen Fragen lenken möchte und weil ich hoffe, dass auch die unabhängige Presse, Politiker, Männer der Wissenschaft und vor Allen meine Kollegen von der Eisenbahnverwaltung diese Fragen so prüfen werden, wie ich es zu thun bestrebt gewesen bin, vom Standpunkt des allgemeinen Interesses, vom Standpunkt der nationalen Staats-und Volkswirthschaft. Wenn dies geschieht, so ist mein Zweck erreicht und ich bin sicher, dass sich der alte Satz auch hier bewähren wird: vincit veritas.Berlin, im November 1893.Der Verfasser.\*) V g-1. Ulrich, Eisenbahntarifwesen ~ 26. 1\* 1-15 lieues 30 Cts. für die tonne-lieue 16-325 " " " " für die 32te " 10 " " "" " über 32" 20 " " " ,, " nebst einer Abfertigungsgebühr von 1 fr. für die Tonne. Dieser Tarif, der Anfangs nur für Kohlen, Kokes, Bricketts, Roheisen und Steine galt, wurde 1861 auf die ganze dritte Klasse ausgedehnt. Die ausgezeichneten ~Jrfolge dieser Maassregel veranlassten dazu, Staffeltarife im Jahre 1862 auch für die zweite und 1865 für die erste Klasse, sowie in den Tarifen für Fahrzeuge, Pferde und Vieh einzuführen. Im Jahre 1864 wurde den bestehenden drei Tarifklassen sodann eine vierte hinzugefügt mit sehr ermässigten Staffelsätzen, in welche die geringwerthigsten Massengüter der dritten Klasse aufgenommen waren.Als Erfolg dieses Vorgehens wurde im Jahre 1865 folgendes amtlich festgestellt:1. Der Gütertarif ist durchschnittlich um 28 Prozent ermässigt worden.2. Es sind 2706000 Tonnen mehr verfrachtet und von den Verkehrsinteressenten an Frachten, im V orgleich zu den früheren 20 Millionen fr. gespart worden.3. Es sind, nach Abzug der Betriebskosten und der Verzinsung des Anlagekapitals, also reiner Ueberschuss 5981000 fr. mehr verblieben.Die Zahl der beförderten Tonnen und die Einnahmen auf das Bahnkilometer betrugen: Tonnen fr

A Comprehensive Discussion Of Automated Transit This Book Analyzes The Successful Implementations Of Automated Transit In Various International Locations, Such As Paris, Toronto, London, And Kuala Lumpur, And Investigates The Apparent Lack Of Automated Transit Applications In The Urban Environment In The United States. The Book Begins With A Brief Definition Of Automated Transit And Its Historical Development. After A Thorough Description Of The Technical Specifications, The Author Highlights A Few Applications From Each Sub-group Of The Automated Transit Spectrum. International Case Studies Display Various Technologies And Their Applications, And Identify Vital Factors That Affect Each System And Performance Evaluations Of Existing Applications. The Book Then Discusses The Planning And Operation Of Automated Transit Applications At Both Macro And Micro Levels. Finally, The Book Covers A Number Of Less Successful Concepts, As Well As The Lessons Learned, Allowing Readers To Gain A Comprehensive Understanding Of The Topic. Key Features: . Provides A Thorough Examination Of Automated Transit Applications, Their Impact And Implications For Society. Written By The Committee Chair For The Automated Transit Systems Transportation, Research Board. Offers Essential Information On Planning, Costs, And Applications Of Automated Transit Systems. Covers Driverless Metros, Automated Lrt, Group And Personal Rapid Transit, A Review Of Worldwide Applications. Includes Capacity And Safety Guidelines, As Well As Vehicles, Propulsion, And Communication And Control Systems This Book Is Essential Reading For Engineers, Researchers, Scientists, College Or Graduate Students Who Work In Transportation Planning, Engineering, Operation And Management Fields. -- Foreword Xi -- Preface Xiii -- Acknowledgments Xv -- Abbreviations Xvii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Automated Transportation / 2 -- 1.2 Automated Transit / 4 -- 1.3 Individual Modes Of Automated Transit Family / 8 -- 1.3.1 Automated Guideway Transit / 8 -- 1.3.2 Automated Bus / 14 -- 1.3.3 Automated Personal Transit / 15 -- 2 Historical Development 23 -- 2.1 Conceptual Initiations: 1960s And Prior / 23 -- 2.2 Pilot Demonstrations: 1970s-1980s / 27 -- 2.3 Applications In Confined Environments: 1990s-2000s / 32 -- 2.4 Multipolar Development: New Millennium And Beyond / 36 -- 2.4.1 Exponential Growth Of Driverless Metros / 36 -- 2.4.2 Steady Expansion Of Apm Systems / 39 -- 2.4.3 Emergence Of Prt Applications / 39 -- 3 Technology Specifications 47 -- 3.1 Vehicles / 48 -- 3.2 Guideway / 51 -- 3.3 Propulsion And System Power / 52 -- 3.4 Communications And Control / 53 -- 3.5 Stations And Platforms / 55 -- 3.6 Maintenance And Storage Facilities / 58 -- 4 Applications 63 --^ 4.1 Driverless Metro In Paris / 64 -- 4.1.1 Clean Slate Of Automation: Line No. 14 / 64 -- 4.1.2 Conversion From Manual To Dlm: Paris Metro Line No. 1 / 67 -- 4.2 Automated Lrt In Singapore / 70 -- 4.3 Detroit Downtown People Mover / 72 -- 4.4 Automated People Movers In Las Vegas / 74 -- 4.5 Dallas-fort Worth Airport Apm / 79 -- 4.6 Airtrain At Jfk Airport / 80 -- 4.7 Morgantown Group Rapid Transit / 81 -- 4.8 Ultra Prt At Heathrow International Airport / 84 -- 5 Characteristics Of Automated Transit Applications 89 -- 5.1 System Characteristics / 89 -- 5.1.1 Physical Layouts / 90 -- 5.1.2 Scale Of Systems / 94 -- 5.2 Operating Characteristics / 96 -- 5.2.1 Operating Strategies / 97 -- 5.2.2 Station Operations / 99 -- 5.2.3 System Capacity / 101 -- 5.3 Financial Characteristics / 103 -- 5.3.1 Capital Investment / 104 -- 5.3.2 Operating Expenses / 107 -- 5.3.3 Life Cycle Cost / 110 -- 6 Assessment Of Automated Transit Performances 115 -- 6.1 System Performance / 115 --^ 6.2 Reliability / 119 -- 6.3 Safety And Security / 126. 6.3.1 Safety Records For Automated Guideway Transit / 126 -- 6.3.2 Comparison With Other Guideway Transit / 129 -- 6.4 Cost-effective Analysis / 133 -- 7 Planning Considerations 139 -- 7.1 Public Policy / 142 -- 7.1.1 Research / 142 -- 7.1.2 Design Standards / 143 -- 7.1.3 National Policy / 144 -- 7.2 Long-range Transportation Planning / 145 -- 7.2.1 Trip Generation / 147 -- 7.2.2 Trip Distribution Or Destination Choice Module / 148 -- 7.2.3 Mode And Occupancy Choice Module / 149 -- 7.2.4 Trip Assignment Module / 150 -- 7.3 Operations Planning / 151 -- 8 Business Models For Automated Transit Applications 157 -- 8.1 Public Owner And Operator / 159 -- 8.2 Private Owner And Operator / 162 -- 8.3 Public And Private Partners / 166 -- 9 Lessons Learned 173 -- 9.1 Driving Can Be Replaced / 174 -- 9.2 Public Policy: A Double-edged Sword / 175 -- 9.3 Design Matters / 177 -- 9.4 Demonstration Projects Are Needed / 178 -- 10 Future Directions 181 -- 10.1 Grow Automated Transit Applications / 182 -- 10.2 Create New Mode / 183 -- 10.3 Conduct Further Research / 185 -- 10.4 Sponsor Demonstration Projects / 187 -- 10.5 Develop Performance Measures / 188 -- 10.6 Encourage Diverse Business Models / 189 -- 10.7 Gather Public Support / 191 -- Index 197. Rongfang (rachel) Liu. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

This book comprises select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference Trending Moments and Steer Forces – Civil Engineering Today (TMSF 2019). It presents latest research in different domains of civil engineering like structural and concrete engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, environmental engineering, and construction technology and management. The contents also include miscellaneous applications of civil engineering in a wide range of technical and societal problems making use of engineering principles and relational data structures involving measurement sciences. Given the range of topics covered, this book can be useful for students, researchers as well as practitioners working in the field of civil engineering.

"To support smart vehicular services especially in the future driverless era, the vehicular networks are expected to support high-bandwidth content delivery and reliable accessibility of multifarious applications. However, the limited radio spectrum resources, the inflexibility in accommodating dynamic traffic demands, and the geographically constrained fixed infrastructure deployment of current terrestrial networks pose great challenges in ensuring ubiquitous, flexible, and reliable network connectivity. This book investigates mobile edge content caching and delivery in heterogeneous vehicular networks (HetVNets) to provide better service quality for vehicular users with resource utilization efficiency enhancement. Specifically, this book introduces the background of HetVNets and mobile edge caching, provides a comprehensive overview of mobile edge caching-assisted HetVNet techniques in supporting vehicular content delivery, and proposes/designs mobile edge content caching and delivery schemes in different HetVNet scenarios respectively to enhance vehicular content delivery performance. Afterward, this book outlines open issues and research directions in future mobile edge caching-assisted space-air-ground integrated vehicular networks. The topics addressed in this book are crucial for both the academic community and industry, since mobile edge caching in heterogeneous networks has become an essential building block for the communication systems. The systematic principle of this book provides valuable insights on the efficient exploitation of heterogeneous network resources to fully unleash their differential merits in supporting vehicular applications. In addition, this book considers different HetVNet scenarios from terrestrial HetVNets to air-ground HetVNets and space-air-ground HetVNets, which can provide a general overview for interested readers with a comprehensive understanding of applying mobile edge caching techniques in enhancing vehicular content delivery performance, and offer a systematized view for researchers and practitioners in the field of mobile edge caching to help them design and optimize the desired vehicular content delivery systems. Provides in-depth studies on mobile edge content caching and delivery scheme design for three typical HetVNet scenarios; Comprehensively covers the analysis, design, and optimization of the mobile edge content caching-assisted HetVNets; Systematically addresses vehicle mobility, network service interruptions, and dynamic service request distribution issues in the mobile edge content caching and delivery."-- Publisher's website

Keine Beschreibung vorhanden. Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.1981

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben. Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.1938

Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cold Regions Development, held in Anchorage, Alaska, June 2-5, 2013. Sponsored by the Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering and the Alaska Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers in cooperation with the International Association for Cold Regions Development Studies (IACORDS). This collection contains 79 peer-reviewed papers that bring together the current state of knowledge on a variety of topics and techniques in research, planning, design, engineering, construction, and operations in the cold regions of the world. This proceedings will be of interest to engineers, scientists, and government officials. -- Provided by publisher

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Transport Systems Telematics, TST 2016, held in Katowice-Ustrón, Poland, in March 2016. The 37 full and 5 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. They present and organize the knowledge from within the field of intelligent transportation systems, the specific solutions applied in it and their influence on improving efficiency of transport systems.

This monograph, which is the first book focusing on "Digital Oil & Gas Pipeline", introduces the author’s long-term research and practice on this topic. It introduces the latest research on the core technologies of the Digital Oil & Gas Pipeline, such as WebGIS, GIS Web Services, pipeline supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), OLE for Process Control, networked virtual reality, and Extensible 3D. The keys to the Digital Oil & Gas Pipeline, including pipeline spatial data model, pipeline WebGIS, integrity of pipeline SCADA and pipeline GIS, pipeline networked virtual reality system, are also elaborated. The knowledge and experience delivered by this monograph will provide a useful reference for readers from the industries in Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, pipeline automation, GIS, Virtual Reality, and related fields. Erscheinungsdatum: 02.01.2020

This book gathers the outcomes of the second ECCOMAS CM3 Conference series on transport, which addressed the main challenges and opportunities that computation and big data represent for transport and mobility in the automotive, logistics, aeronautics and marine-maritime fields. Through a series of plenary lectures and mini-forums with lectures followed by question-and-answer sessions, the conference explored potential solutions and innovations to improve transport and mobility in surface and air applications.  The book seeks to answer the question of how computational research in transport can provide innovative solutions to Green Transportation challenges identified in the ambitious Horizon 2020 program. In particular, the respective papers present the state of the art in transport modeling, simulation and optimization in the fields of maritime, aeronautics, automotive and logistics research. In addition, the content includes two white papers on transport challenges and prospects.  Given its scope, the book will be of interest to students, researchers, engineers and practitioners whose work involves the implementation of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) software for the optimal use of roads, including safety and security, traffic and travel data, surface and air traffic management, and freight logistics.

This volume comprises the select proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Flexible Electronics for Electric Vehicles (FlexEV 2022). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in flexible electronics & applications, electric vehicle technology & infrastructures, materials & devices, battery management & intelligent systems. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

"This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies."-- Back cover

Chris Louen entwickelt eine datenbasierte Zustandsüberwachung dynamischer Betriebszustände für Personenkraftfahrzeuge, die sich in heutigen Steuergeräten realisieren lässt. Sie wird am Beispiel des Drei-Wege-Katalysators anhand des Katalysator-Ausräumens nach einem Schubbetrieb angewendet und die Wirksamkeit an einer Simulation und realen Fahrzeugdaten nachgewiesen. Die vorgestellte Zustandsüberwachung zeichnet sich durch einen geringen Bedarf an Trainingsdaten und Rechenleistung im Steuergerät aus.

Erster Teil. Einleitung.- I. Überblick über die Geschichte des Internationalen Übereinkommens.- II. Rechtliche Natur des IÜ.- III. Verhältnis zu den Bestimmungen des VDEV und ITK.- Zweiter Teil. Internationales Übereinkommen.- Eingang.- Vorbemerkung zu Art. 1–4.- Art. 1. Geltungsbereich des Internationalen Übereinkommens.- (1) Anwendung des Internationalen Übereinkommens..- (2) Rechtliche Wirkung der Ausführungsbestimmungen.- Protokoll, 1., 3., 4.- Zusatzerklärung betreffend die Aufnahme neuer Staaten vgl. Anmerkung I.- Art. 2. Ausschluß der Anwendung der Bestimmungen des Internationalen Übereinkommens auf bestimmte Gegenstände.- Art. 3. Von der Beförderung ausgeschlossene oder nur bedingungsweise zugelassene Gegenstände.- Ausführungsbestimmungen, § 1.- Art. 4. Geltung der Tarifbedingungen.- Vorbemerkung zu Art. 5–14.- Art. 5. Beförderungspflicht der Eisenbahnen.- (1) Verpflichtung zur Annahme von Gütern zur Beförderung..- (2) Beschränkung der Verpflichtung; vorläufige Verwahrung..- (3) Reihenfolge der Beförderung..- (4) Schadenersatzpflicht bei Zuwiderhandlungen..- (5) Gesetzliche und reglementarische Bestimmungen, welche für die Auflieferung und die Verladung der Güter zu beobachten sind..- Art. 6. Inhalt und Form des Frachtbriefes.- (1) Angaben, welche der Frachtbrief enthalten soll..- (2) Vorbehalt näherer Festsetzungen in den Ausführungsbestimmungen..- (3) Ausschließlichkeit des vorgeschriebenen Frachtbriefes..- (4) Besondere Urkunden für die Eisenbahnverwaltung..- (5) Stammheft für den inneren Dienst der Eisenbahnverwaltung..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, § 2.- Frachtbriefformular, Anlage 2.- Art. 7. Haftung für die Angaben und Erklärungen im Frachtbriefe Bahnseitige Ermittelungen. Frachtzuschläge.- (1) Haftung des Absenders..- (2) Prüfung des Inhalts der Sendungen; Feststellung..- (3) Ermittlung des Gewichts und der Stückzahl der Güter..- (4) Frachtzuschläge bei unrichtigen Angaben und Überlastung..- (5) Ausschluß der Frachtzuschläge..- (6) Verjährung des Anspruches auf Zahlung oder Rückzahlung von Frachtzuschlägen..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, § 3.- Art. 8. Abschluß des Frachtvertrages. Frachtbriefduplikate.- (1) Zeitpunkt des Abschlusses..- (2) Abstempelung des Frachtbriefes..- (3) Beweiskraft des Frachtbriefes..- (4) Beweis bezüglich des Gewichts und der Anzahl der Stücke..- (5) Frachtbriefduplikat als Empfangsbescheinigung..- (6) Begrenzung der Bedeutung des Frachtbriefduplikates..- Art. 9. Verpackung der Güter.- (1) Verpflichtung des Absenders zur Verpackung..- (2) Fehlen oder Mängel der Verpackung..- (3) Haftung des Absenders für mangelhafte Verpackung..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, § 4.- Erklärungen wegen fehlender oder mangelhafter Verpackung, Anlage 3 und 3a.- Art. 10. Zoll-, Steuer- und Polizeivorschriften.- (1) Verpflichtung des Absenders zur Beigabe der Begleitpapiere..- (2) Prüfung der Richtigkeit und Vollständigkeit der Begleitpapiere..- (3) Erfüllung der Vorschriften auf dem Wege..- (4) Befugnisse des Verfügungsberechtigten bei der Zollbehandlung..- (5) Zoll- und steueramtliche Behandlung am Bestimmungsorte..- Art. 11. Grundsätze für die Frachtberechnung.- (1) Berechnung der Fracht; verbotene und erlaubte Preisermäßigungen..- (2) Bare Auslagen..- Protokoll, 2, 3.- Art. 12. Zahlung der Fracht.- (1) Frankierung oder Anweisung..- (2) Anspruch der Bahn auf Vorausbezahlung..- (3) Hinterlegung des ungefähren Frachtbetrages..- (4) Unrichtige Frachtberechnung; Rechnungsfehler; Verjährung des Anspruches auf Rückzahlung oder Nachzahlung..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, §5.- Art. 13. Nachnahme.- (1) Belastung des Gutes mit Nachnahme..- (2) Nachnahmenprovision..- (3) Auszahlung der Nachnahme durch die Eisenbahn..- (4) Haftung der Eisenbahn für die Einziehung der Nachnahme..- (5) Bedingungen für die Zulassung von Barvorschüssen..- Art. 14. Lieferfristen.- (1) Vorbehalt der Ausführungsbestimmungen bezüglich der Maximallieferfristen usw..- (2) Spezialtarife mit verlängerten Lieferfristen..- (3) Geltung der Tarifbestimmungen..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, § 6.- Vorbemerkung zu Art. 15–25.- Art. 15. Nachträgliche Verfügungen oder Anweisungen.- (1) Verfügungsrecht des Absenders..- (2) Bedingung der Vorweisung des Frachtbriefduplikates..- (3) Vermittlung der Versandstation..- (4) Übergang des Verfügungsrechts an den Empfänger..- (5) Verweigerung oder Verzögerung der Ausführung der Verfügung..- (6), (7) Formular der Verfügung..- (8) Ersatz der entstandenen Kosten..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, § 7.- Formular der nachträglichen Anweisung, Anlage 4.- Art. 16. Auslieferung der Güter am Bestimmungsort.- (1) Aushändigung an den Empfänger..- (2) Rechte des Empfängers..- (3) Ort der Ablieferung..- Art. 17. Pflichten des Empfängers bei der Annahme der Güter.- Art. 18. Beförderungshindernisse.- (1) Begriff des Beförderungshindernisses; Dispositionsrecht des Absenders..- (2) Recht des Absenders zum Rücktritt vom Vertrag..- (3) Wahlrecht der Eisenbahn hinsichtlich der Fortsetzung der Be förderung..- (4) Beschränktes Dispositionsrecht des Absenders..- Art. 19. Verfahren bei Ablieferung der Güter.- Art. 20. Rechte und Pflichten der Empfangsbahn.- Art. 21. Pfandrecht der Eisenbahn.- Art. 22. Wirkungen des Pfandrechts.- Art. 23. Beförderungsgemeinschaft der Eisenbahnen.- (1) Bezahlung der Frachtanteile..- (2) Verantwortlichkeit der Ablieferungsbahn für die Einziehung der Fracht..- (3) Gutschrift und Belastung der Frachtanteile unter den Eisenbahnen.- Verbot des Arrestes und der Pfändung:.- (4) von Forderungen der Eisenbahnen untereinander..- (5) von rollendem Material..- Art. 24. Ablieferungshindernisse.- (1) Pflichten der Ablieferungsstation..- (2) Vorbehalt der lokalen Bestimmungen..- Art 25. Feststellung von Verlust, Minderung und Beschädigung der Güter.- (1) Verpflichtung der Eisenbahnverwaltungen zur Untersuchung in Verlust-, Minderungs- und Beschädigungsfällen.- (2) Protokollarische Feststellung..- (3) Vorbehalt der Gesetze und Reglemente des Landes..- (4) Gerichtliche Feststellung..- Vorbemerkung zu Art. 26–46.- Art. 26. Aktivlegitimation.- (1) Befugnisse des Verfügungsberechtigten..- (2) Beschränkung dieser Befugnisse..- Art. 27. Haftpflicht der Bahnen in der Beförderungsgemeinschaft Klage.- (1) Haftung der Empfangsbahn..- (2) Haftung der nachfolgenden Bahnen..- (3) Passivlegitimation der Eisenbahnen; Wahlrecht des Klägers..- (4) Gerichtszuständigkeit..- (5) Erlöschen des Wahlrechts des Klägers..- Art. 28. Widerklage oder Einrede.- Art. 29. Haftung der Eisenbahn für ihre Leute.- Art. 30. Haftung der Eisenbahn für Verlust, Minderung oder Be Schädigung.- (1) Umfang der Haftung..- (2) Vorbehalt der lokalen Bestimmungen für die Beförderung über die Empfangsstation hinaus..- Art. 31. Beschränkung der Haftung bei besonderen Gefahren.- (1) 1. bei Beförderung in offen gebauten Wagen.- 2. bei fehlender oder mangelhafter Verpackung..- 3. beim Auf- und Abladen durch Absender und Empfänger..- 4. bei gefährlicher Beschaffenheit der Güter..- 5. bei Tierbeförderung..- 6. bei Beförderung mit vorgeschriebener Begleitung.- (2) Rechtsvermutung..- Art. 32. Beschränkung der Haftung bei Gewichtsverlusten.- (1) Normalsatz des natürlichen Gewichtsverlustes..- (2) Berechnung bei mehreren Stücken auf dem gleichen Frachtbriefe..- (3) Ausschluß der Beschränkung bei Gewichtsverlust wegen anderer Ursachen.- (4) Ausschluß der Beschränkung bei gänzlichem Verlust des Gutes..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, § 8.- Art. 33. Vermutung für den Verlust des Gutes.- Art. 34. Schadensersatz bei gänzlichem oder teilweisem Verlust des Gutes.- Art. 35. Beschränkung des Schadensersatzes bei Spezialtarifen.- Art. 36. Wiederauffinden verlorener Güter.- (1) Vorbehalt der Benachrichtigung des Absenders..- (2) Auslieferung des wiedergefundenen Gutes..- (3) Verfügungsrecht der Eisenbahn..- Art. 37. Schadensersatz für Beschädigung des Gutes.- Art. 38. Interessedeklaration. Wirkung bei Verlust, Minderung oder Beschädigung.- (1) Höhe des Schadensersatzes bei Deklaration des Interesses an der Lieferung..- (2) Höchstbetrag des Frachtzuschlages..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, §9 und § 11.- Art. 39. Haftung für Versäumung der Lieferfrist.- Art. 40. Vergütung im Falle der Versäumung der Lieferfrist.- (1) ohne Nachweis eines Schadens..- (2) beim Nachweis eines Schadens;.- (3) im Falle der Interessedeklaration: ohne Nachweis eines Schadens;.- (4) im Falle der Interessedeklaration: beim Nachweis eines Schadens..- Art. 41. Schadensersatz bei Arglist oder grober Fahrlässigkeit.- Art. 42. Verzinsung der Entschädigungsbeträge.- Art. 43. Ausschluß der Haftung bei verbotenen oder nur bedingungsweise zugelassener Beförderung.- Art. 44. Erlöschen der Ansprüche gegen die Eisenbahn.- (1) Durch Zahlung der Fracht und Annahme des Gutes..- (2) Ausnahmen wegen:.- 1. Arglist oder grober Fahrlässigkeit der Bahn;.- 2. Verspätung der Ablieferung;.- 3. Mängeln, deren Feststellung die Eisenbahn versäumt hat;.- 4. äußerlich nicht erkennbaren Mängeln..- (3) Verweigerung der Annahme des Gutes seitens des Empfängers..- (4) Ausschluß fehlender Gegenstände von der Empfangsbescheinigung..- (5) Schriftform für die Entschädigungsansprüche..- Art. 45. Verjährung der Schadensansprüche gegen die Eisenbahn.- (1) und (2) Beginn der Verjährung..- (3) Unterbrechung der Verjährung..- (4) Hemmung der Verjährung..- Art. 46. Unzulässigkeit der Geltendmachung erloschener und verjährter Ansprüche.- Art. 47. Rückgriffsrecht der Bahnen untereinander.- (1) Die verschiedenen Fälle des Rückgriffs..- (2) Zahlungsunfähigkeit einer schadenersatzp flichtigen Eisenbahn..- Art. 48 Rückgriff im Falle der Versäumung der Lieferfrist.- (1) Haftung mehrerer schuldtragenden Verwaltungen..- (2) Verteilung der Lieferfrist unter die Bahnen..- Ausführungsbestimmungen, §10.- Art. 49. Ausschluß der Solidarhaft für den Rückgaiff.- Art. 50. Wirkung der im Entschädigungsprozeß gegen die rückgriffnehmende Bahn ergangenen Entscheidung.- Art. 51. Einheitlichkeit des Verfahrens im Rückgriffsprozeß.- Art. 52. Unzulässigkeit der Verbindung des Rückgriffsverfahrens mit dem Entschädigungsverfahren.- Art. 53. Gerichtszuständigkeit im Rückgriffsprozeß.- (1) Zuständigkeit des Richters des Wohnsitzes der beklagten Bahn..- (2) Wahlrecht der klagenden Bahn..- Art. 54. Befugnis der Eisenbahnen, andere Vereinbarungen für den Rückgriff zu treffen.- Vorbemerkung zu Art. 55–60.- Art. 55. Verbindlichkeit der Gesetze des Prozeßrichters.- Art. 56. Vollstreckbarkeit der Urteile und Sicherstellung der Prozeß- kosten.- (1) Vollstreckbarkeit der Urteile aus dem Bereich des Internationalen Übereinkommens..- (2) Ausschluß der Prozeßkaution..- Art. 57. Errichtung eines Central-Amtes und Zuständigkeit desselben.- (1) Aufgaben des Central-Amtes..- (2) Vorbehalt eines besonderen Reglementes..- Reglement betreffend die Errichtung eines Central-Amtes.- Art. 58. Liste der Eisenbahnen.- (1) Mitteilungen der Vertragsstaaten..- (2) Zeitpunkt des wirklichen Eintritts einer neuen Eisenbahn..- (3) Streichung einer Eisenbahn aus der Liste..- (4) Folgen der Streichung einer Eisenbahn..- Art. 59. Revisionskonferenzen.- (1) Ordentliche Revisionskonferenzen..- (2) Außerordentliche Einberufung..- Art. 60. Verbindlichkeit und Dauer des Internationalen Übereinkommens.- Protokoll, 5.- Liste der Eisenbahnen und Anlagen 1–4.- Liste der Eisenbahnstrecken.- Ersatz für Anlage 1. Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der vom internationalen Transporte ausgeschlossenen oder nur bedingungsweise zugelassenen Gegenstände.- Anlage 2. Frachtbriefformular zwischen Seite 214 und.- Anlage 3. Erklärung über mangelhafte Verpackung.- Anlage 3a Allgemeine Erklärung darüber.- Anlage 4. Nachträgliche Anweisung.

Trans-European networks (TENs) are a key theme in the process of integration for the EU as it enters the next millennium. The attainment of these networks stretches across many different areas of European policy and economy. The development of TENs is about establishing a series of infrastructure networks that complement the broad changes in the European economy facilitated by the development of the Single European Market. The book examines the development of TENs in the three key sectors: transport, energy and telecommunications, noting key themes and issues that need to be faced in their attainment. Attention is also paid to common problems in their realisation most notably the financing problems. The EU's strategy to develop these networks is essentially market-led yet, as the financing issues indicate, a consensus between the states in allowing commercial investment in infrastructure is proving elusive. Erscheinungsdatum: 18.06.1997

Das Buch unterstützt bei der Anwendung der Verfahren für die Planungspraxis zur stätischen (urbanen) Verkehrssystemen und gibt Anleitung für die Interpretation der Ergebnisse.  Neben direkten finanziellen Wirkungen verursacht städtischer Verkehr eine Reihe externer Effekte (u.a. Unfall-, Umwelt- und Klimakosten), die jedoch nicht von den Verkehrsteilnehmern, sondern von Dritten getragen werden. Der erste Schritt zur Beantwortung zahlreicher Fragen der Verkehrspolitik, der strategischen Verkehrsplanung und der Verkehrswissenschaft stellt eine Kostentransparenz im Verkehr dar. Für eine nachhaltige und effiziente Verkehrs- und Infrastrukturplanung sind daher Erkenntnisse über die Kosten der unterschiedlichen Verkehrsarten von hoher Bedeutung. Das vorliegende Buch stellt ein neues Bewertungsverfahren vor, das einen vollständigen und verkehrsmittelübergreifenden Überblick über die ökonomischen Wirkungen städtischen Verkehrs ermöglicht. Unter anderem sind die erforderlichen Eingangsgrößen, Annahmen und Berechnungsvorschriften beschrieben und mit Hinweisen für die Praxis sowie Beispielrechnungen und schematischen Darstellungen ergänzt.